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RB Y2 Endocrine - 0 Anatomy > Anatomy of the Pituitary Gland > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Pituitary Gland Flashcards

1
Q

what is the diencephalon formed from

A

thalamus and hypothalamus

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2
Q

what does the diencephalon form

A

cental core of cerebrum with connections to right and left cerebral hemispheres and the midbrain

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3
Q

what connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus

A

infundibulum

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4
Q

what is the pituitary gland divided into

A

anterior and posterior

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5
Q

where is the pituitary gland located in the skull

A

midline structure in the pituitary fossa of the sphenoid bone

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6
Q

where does the pituitary fossa lie

A

within the sella turcica (Turkish Saddle)

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7
Q

where does the pituitary gland lie in relation to the optic chiasm

A

inferior

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8
Q

optic chiasm

A

x shaped structure formed by the crossing of the optic nerves (CNII) in the brain

R and L optic tracts pass posteriorly from the chiasm

synapse in the thalamus and then the axons pass via optic radiation to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe

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9
Q

what is this

A

optic canal

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10
Q

what is vision divided into

A

temporal and nasal fields

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11
Q

what is the early clinical effect of a pituitary tumour of the visual pathway

A

bitemporal hemianopia

  • tumour disrupts the transmission of AP from the nasal retina bilaterally
  • patient loses ability to see structures in the temporal side of the visual field bilaterally
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12
Q
A

sphenoidal sinus - part of the paranasal sinuses

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13
Q

transcranial approach to pituitary fossa

A

under the frontal lobe (subfrontal)

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14
Q

transphenoidal approach to pituitary fossa

A

via nasal cavities and sphenoid sinus

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15
Q
A
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16
Q
A

pituitary fossa (blue dot)

sphenoidal sinus

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17
Q

what are the superior and inferior parts of nasal septum

A

superior - perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone

inferior - vomer

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18
Q

what is the roof of the nasal cavity

A

cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

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19
Q
A

cribiform plate of ethmoid bone

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20
Q

what is the hard palate formed of

A

mainly maxilla

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21
Q

what is the function of the nasal conchae

A

increase the surface area of the nasal cavities - rapid warming and humidification of air as it passes into the lungs

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22
Q

what is another name for nasal conchae

A

turbinates

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23
Q
A

also frontal, sphenoid and ethmoid sinus

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24
Q

what are the paranasal sinuses

A

air filled spaces within the bone surrounding the nasal cavities

ethmoid is between the eyes

sphenoid is behind the eyes

25
Q

what are the paranasal sinuses lined by

A

mucous secreting respiratory mucosa

26
Q

what is the function of the paranasal sinuses

A

make mucous and drain it into the nasal cavities through ostia

reduce the weight of the skull

add resonance to the voice

27
Q

what is a singular ostia called

A

ostium = bony drainage hole

28
Q

how are the frontal sinuses connected

A

often in the midline

29
Q

what bone are the sphenoid sinuses in

A

body of the sphenoid bone (sometimes in the midline)

30
Q

what are the maxillary sinuses known as clinically

A

antrum (pleural= antra)

31
Q

where are the ethmoid air cells located

A

3 groups located between nasal cavity and orbit

32
Q

what bone are the nasal concha formed from

A

ethmoid bone

apart from the inferior one

33
Q

le fort fractures

A
34
Q

what surgical procedure can provide better surgical access to nasal cavities etc in more complicated cases

A

le fort 1 down fracture

35
Q
A
36
Q

name the meninges from external to internal

A
37
Q

waht is the cranial vault

A

the space in the skull occupied by the brain

38
Q

what is the cranial cavity lined by

A

the entire cavity is lined by dura mater

39
Q
A
40
Q

what is the tentorium cerebelli

A

tough sheet of dura mater

separates the cerebellum from the inferior portion of occipital lobes

41
Q

where in the cranial fossa is the TC located

A

posterior

42
Q

what does the central gap in the TC permit through

A

brainstem

43
Q
A
44
Q

diaphram sellae

A

tough sheet of dura mater forming a roof over the pituitary fossa

has a hole that allows the vertical passage of the pituitary stalk (infundibulum)

45
Q

what are the dural venous sinuses

A

lie between the layers of dura mater

best thought of as collecting pools of blood, that drain most of the venous blood from the cranial cavity (including brain) into the internal jugular veins

46
Q

where do the dural venous sinuses drain into the IJV

A

at the jugular foraminae in the floor of the posterior cranial fossa

47
Q
A
48
Q

what sinuses are the pituitary gland surrounded by

A

cavernous and intercavernous sinuses

(these are part of the dural venous sinuses)

49
Q

what arteries pass through the cavernous sinuses

A

internal carotid arteries

50
Q

carotid canal

A

the passageway in the temporal bone which the internal carotid artery enters the middle cranial fossa from the neck

51
Q

trigeminal nerve function

A

sensory to most of face

motor to muscles of mastication (CNV3)

52
Q

functional deficit of CNV

A

sensory symptoms on face

difficulty chewing

53
Q

functional deficit of cavernous sinus

A

venous haemorrhage

54
Q

function of internal carotid artery

A

supplies arterial blood to brain and orbit

55
Q

functional deficit of internal carotid artery

A

catastrophic haemorrhage

56
Q

function of dura mater

A

protects the structures of the cranial cavity

57
Q

what is located anteriorly and posteriorly to the pituitary fossa

A

intercavernous sinuses

58
Q

name the contents of the cavernous system

A

internal carotid artery, cavernous sinus, CN III, IV, VI, V1, V2

59
Q
A

carotid canal

RB Y2 Endocrine - 0 Anatomy (2 decks)

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