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Perio > Anatomy Of The Periodontium > Flashcards

Anatomy Of The Periodontium Flashcards

1
Q

Are specialized tissues that surround and support the teeth snd implants

A

Periodontium

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2
Q

Four principal components of periodontium

A

Gingiva
Periodontal ligament
Cementum
Alveolar bone

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3
Q

Part of the oral masticatory mucosa that covers the alveolar bone to a level just coronal to the CEJ

A

Gingiva

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4
Q

It serves as a protection and barrier to the entry of microbial, chemical and mechanical noxious agents into the underlying tissues

A

Gingiva

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5
Q

Undergoes constant renewal of damaged cells

A

Gingiva

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6
Q

3 parts of the gingiva

A

Attached gingiva
Marginal gingiva
Interdental gingiva

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7
Q

Occupies the gingival embrasure or interproximal spaces between tooth contact

A

Interdental gingiva

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8
Q

A gingiva that extends in the apical direction tothe mucogingival junction where it becomes continuouswith the alveolar mucosa

A

Attached gingiva

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9
Q

A gingiva that extends at the vestibular andlingual/palatal aspects of the teeth and in the interdental space which constitutes the peak of interdental papillae.

A

Marginal gingiva (free gingiva)

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10
Q

Epithelial lining of gingiva

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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11
Q

Principal cell type and predominant cell in the epithelium of the gingiva and its function

A

Keratinocytes

For protection, barrier and repair

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12
Q

Nonkeratinocyte cells in the gingival

A

Melanocytes
Langerhans cells
Merkel cells

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13
Q

Pigment synthesizing cell that are specialized in producing melanin

A

Melanocytes

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14
Q

A nonkeratinized cell of the gingiva that are derived from neural crest cell

A

Melanocytes

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15
Q

Melanocytes produced as granules called?

A

Melanosomes

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16
Q

A nonkeratinized dendritic cell of the gingiva

A

Langerhans cells

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17
Q

Function of langerhans cells

A

Responsible for the defense mechanism during infection

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18
Q

Responsible for the defense mechanism during infection

A

Langerhans cells

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19
Q

Langerhans cells contain large granules called?

A

Birbeck granules

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20
Q

A nonkeratinized cell of the gingiva that provides sensory function

A

Merkel cells

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21
Q

Composed primarily of collagen fibers and ground substance

A

Connective tissue of the gingiva

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22
Q

Predominant cells of the gingiva for development, maintenance and regeneration

A

Fibroblast

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23
Q

Gingival connective tissue aka as

A

Lamina propria

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24
Q

Two layers of laminate propria

A

Papillary layer and a reticular layer

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25
Q

Lamina propria consists of??

A

60% collagen fiber bundle
55 cellular element that is the fibroblast
35% blood vessels, lymph nerves and matrix

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26
Q

Gingiva that has both cellular and extracellular components

A

Gingival connective tissue

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27
Q

Epitheelium covering the gingiva is diffeentiated into:

A

Oral epithelim - faces the oral cavity
Sulcular epithelium - lines the marginal groove
Junctional epithelium - provides contact between the gingiva and tooth

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28
Q

Epithelial lining of the oral epithelium

A

Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

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29
Q

It covers the crest and other surface of the marginal gingiva and the surface of the attached gingiva

A

Oral epithelium

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30
Q

Average thickness of the oral epithelium

A

0.2-0.3mm

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31
Q

Layers of the oral eithelium

A

Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum corneum

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32
Q

A type of oral epithelial lining that its nuclei are lost in the epithelium

A

Orthokeratinized epithelium

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33
Q

A type of oral epithelial lining that its nuclei are lost in the epithelium

A

Orthokeratinized epithelium

34
Q

A type of oral epithelial lining that its superficial cells i.e. the cell of the stratum corneum are dead but retains the nucleus

A

Parakeratinized epithelium

35
Q

A type of oral epithelial lining that has neither granulosum nor corneum strata. Superficial cell have viable nuclei

A

Nonkeratinized epithelium

36
Q

A stratified squamous nonkeratinizing epithelium lining the gingival sulcus

A

Sulcular epithelium

37
Q

An epithelium of the gingiva that acts as a semipermeable membrane

A

Sulcular epithelium

38
Q

A stratified squamous nonkeratinizing epithelium that surround the tooth like a collar and it faces both the gingival connective tissue and tooth surface

A

Junctional epithelium

39
Q

Function:

  • Support the free gingival firmly against the tooth
  • Reinforce the junctional epithelium
  • Provide rigidity to withstand forces of mastication
  • Connect the free gingiva with cementum and alveolar bone
A

Gingival fiber

40
Q

Biologic width for natural tooth is __mm

A

2.04mm

41
Q

Junctional epithelium __mm

A

0.97mm

42
Q

Connective tissue attachment __mm

A

1.07mm

43
Q

These are connective tissues that surround the root and connect it to the bone

A

Periodontal ligament

44
Q

A component of the gingiva that is cellular in nature

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

45
Q

A componentof a gingiva that is less cellular

A

Connective tissue

46
Q

Divided into two layers and has both cellular and extracellular compnents

A

Lamina propria or gingival connective tissue

47
Q

It is continuous with the connective tissue of the gingiva and communicate in the marrow spaces through the vascular channels of the bone

A

Periodontal ligament

48
Q

3 functions of PDL

A

Physical
Formative and remodeling
Nutritional and sensory

49
Q

What type of funciton in PDL

  1. Soft tissue casing
  2. Transmission of occlusal forces to the bone
  3. Attachment of the teeth to the bone
  4. Maintenance of gingival tissues
  5. Resistance to the impact of occlusal forces
A

Physical

50
Q

Most common cell in PDL that are ovoid and elongated

A

Fibroblasts

51
Q

What are the types of connective tissue cells

A
  1. Fibroblasts
  2. Cementoblasts
  3. Osteoblasts
52
Q

Cellular elements of PDL

A

Connective tissue cells
Epithelial rest cells
Immune system cells

53
Q

Ground substance of PDL

A

Glycosaminoglycans
Glycoproteins

54
Q

Hyalunoric acid
Proteoglycans

A

Glycosaminoglycans

55
Q

Fibronectin
Laminin

A

Glycoproteins

56
Q

What are the principal fiber group of PDL

A

Apical
Oblique
Horizontal
Alveolar crest
Transseptal
Interradicular

A O H A T I

57
Q

Resist vertical forces

A

Apical

58
Q

Most numerous, main resistance

A

Oblique

59
Q

Resists lateral forces and tipping forces

A

Horizontal

60
Q

Resists vertical and intrusive forces

A

Alveolar crest group

61
Q

Resists tooth separation mesial and dista

A

Transseptal

62
Q

Resists vertical and lateral movement

A

Interradiular

63
Q

There are terminal portions of the principal fibers that are inserted into cementum and bone

A

Sharpey’s fibers

64
Q

These are small in diameter and appear to interface with the collagen bundles, supporting the collagen bundles and the blood vessel walls

A

Oxytalan fibers

65
Q

Small, spherical or ovoid calcified mass embedded within or attached to the cementum layer on the root surface of a tooth, or lying free within the PDL

A

Cementicles

66
Q

Calcified, avascular mesenchymal tissue that forms the outer covering of the anatomic root

A

Cementum

67
Q

Two main types of cementum

A

Accelular (primary cementum)
Cellular (secondary cementum)

68
Q

A cementum that is first to be formed, it covers the cervical 3rd and half of the toor; formed before the tooth reaches the occlusal plane; anchors the PDL to the tooth

A

Accellular (primary cementum)

69
Q

A cementum that covers the apical 3rd of the root; formed after the tooth reaches the occlusal plane; functions for adaptation and repair; consists of intrinsic fibers and cementocytes

A

Cellular (secondary cementum))

70
Q

Cellular (secondary cementum) consists of?

A

Intrinsic fibers and cementocytes

71
Q

Two main sources of collagen fiber in cementum are:

A

Sharpey’s fiber (extrinsic)
Fibers that belong to the cementum matrix (intrinsic)

72
Q

A collagen fiber in cementum that are formed by fibroblasts

A

Sharpey’s fiber (extrinsic)

73
Q

A collagen fiber in cementum that are produced by cementoblasts

A

Fibers that belong to the cementum matrix (intrinsic)

74
Q

Organic matrix of cementum

A

Mainly collagen and glycoproteins

75
Q

Inorganic matrix of cemetum

A

Hydroxyapatite

76
Q

Synthesize collagen and protein polysaccharides which make up the organic matrix of cementum

A

Cementoblasts

77
Q

Resorption of cementocytes and repair

A

Cementoclasts

78
Q

During the formationof cellular cementum, cementoblasts became entrapped within their ownmatrix due to rapid deposition are called __

A

Cementocytes

79
Q

Seen in both acellular and cellular cementum but more prominent in acellular cementum

Highly mineralized with less collagen and more ground substance

A

Incremental lines of salter

80
Q

Generalized thickening of the cementum due to excessive force and systemic condition (paget’s disease)

A

Hypercementosis

81
Q

Fusion of the cementum and alveolar bone with obliteration of the PDL due o chronic periapical infection, tooth replantation or occlusal trauma

A

Ankylosis

Perio (1 decks)

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