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Periodontics I > Anatomy of the Periodontium > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Periodontium Flashcards

1
Q

What is Periodontics?

A

The SPECIALITY of dentistry with the PREVENTION, DIAGNOSIS, and TREATMENT of diseases of tissues that surround the teeth.

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2
Q

What is Periodontology?

A

The scientific study of the periodontium in health and disease.

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3
Q

All of the soft tissue in the mouth are known as the ______ ______.

A

oral mucosa

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4
Q

What are the three different types of oral mucosa?

A
  1. Specialized Mucosa
  2. Lining (aka. alveolar) Mucosa
  3. Masticatory Mucosa
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5
Q

Describe specialized mucosa.

A
  • Covers the dorsal surface of the tongue.
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6
Q

Describe lining (aka alveolar mucosa).

A
  • Loosely attached to the underlying structures and covered with non keratinized epithelium.
  • From the mucogingival junction to mucous membrane of lips, cheek, floor of the mouth, and soft palate.
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7
Q

Describe masticatory mucosa.

A
  • Firmly attached to underlying bone and root and covered with parakeratinized or keratinized epithelium.
  • Designed to withstand frictional forces such as toothbrushing and chewing.
  • Includes the gingiva and the hard palate.
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8
Q

Define the periodontium.

A
  • The functional system of tissues that surrounds the teeth and attaches them to the sockets. (aka “attachment apparatus”).
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9
Q

What are the components of the periodontium?

A
  • Gingiva
  • Cementum
  • Alveolar bone
  • Periodontal Ligament (PDL)
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10
Q

Characteristics of GINGIVA.

A
  • Provides a tissue seal around the cervical portion of the tooth.
  • Covers the alveolar processes of the jaw.
  • Holds tissue against the tooth during mastication.
  • Composed of a thin outer layer of epithelium and an underlying core of connective tissue.
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11
Q

Boundaries of GINGIVA.

A

Coronal - free gingival margin

Apical - mucogingival junction with the alveolar mucosa.

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12
Q

What is the FREE GINGIVA?

A

aka. marginal gingiva
- Located coronal to the CEJ and extends apically to the gingival groove.
- Fits snugly around the tooth but is NOT ATTACHED TO IT.
- Forms soft tissue wall of the gingival sulcus.

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13
Q

Explain the GINGIVAL MARGIN.

A
  • Free gingiva meets the tooth in a thin, rounded, edge called the gingival margin.
  • The margin of the free gingiva follows the contours of the teeth, creating a wavy outline.
  • In health, the margin is knife-edged, firm, and smooth in texture.
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14
Q

What is the GINGIVAL GROOVE?

A
  • It is a shallow, v-shaped or indentation that is closely associated with the apical extent of free gingiva.
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15
Q

What is the GINGIVAL SULCUS?

A
  • It is the space between the free gingiva and the tooth surface.
  • The base of the sulcus is formed by the junctional epithelium.
  • The depth of a clinically normal (healthy) sulcus is 1 to 3 mm, as measured by a probe.
  • Lined by NON-keratinized epithelium.
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16
Q

What is the INTERDENTAL GINGIVA?

A
  • It is the portion of gingiva that fills the area between two adjacent teeth apical to the contact area.
  • It consists of two interdental papilla: facial and lingual.
17
Q

What is the function of the INTERDENTAL GINGIVA?

A
  • To prevent food from becoming packed between the teeth during mastication.
18
Q

What is the col?

A
  • A valley-like depression in the INTERDENTAL GINGIVA that lies directly apical to the contact area.
  • The col is absent if teeth are missing or recession is present.**
19
Q

What is the ATTACHED GINGIVA?

A
  • It is located from the end of the free gingiva to the alveolar mucosa.
  • Tightly attached to the cementum on the cervical third of the root and to the periosteum of the alveolar bone.
  • It is the widest in the incisor and molar regions. It is narrowest in premolar regions.
20
Q

The appearance of the Attached Gingiva?

A
  • The surface of the attached gingiva may have a dimpled appearance similar to the skin of an orange.
  • Stippling is caused by the connective tissue fibers that attach the gingival tissue to the cementum and bone.
  • Most prominent in anterior area and ABSENT in children under 5.
21
Q

What is the function of the attached gingiva?

A
  • The attached gingiva prevents free gingiva from being pulled away from the tooth when tension is applied to alveolar mucosa.
  • Allows gingival tissue to withstand mechanical forces created during chewing, speaking, and toothbrushing.
22
Q

What is the colour of the Attached Gingiva?

A
  • The colour is pale or coral pink.
  • It may be pigmented.
  • Pigmentation is more frequent in dark-skinned individuals.
  • The colour of pigmentation ranges from light brown to black. Also called melanin or physiological pigmentation.
23
Q

Describe Cementum.

A
  • Thin layer of hard, mineralized tissue that overlies the dentin.
  • Can be distinguished from enamel by its lack of luster and its darker hue.
  • Light yellow.
  • Bonelike but more resistant to resorption than bone.
  • DOES NOT have its own blood or nutrient supply.
  • It is the thickness of a hair!
24
Q

What are the functions of cementum?

A
  • Protects the dentin.
  • Seals and covers open dentinal tubules.
  • Anchors the PDL on the tooth side.
  • Formation at the apical area can compensate for incisal wear.

Periodontics I (1 decks)

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