Anatomy of the perineum

Question 1

What are the muscles of the pelvic diaphragm?

Answer 1

coccygeus M and levator ani

they are former tail wagging muscles

Question 2

What is the doorway to get into the urogenital diaphragm?

Answer 2

lesser sciatic foramen

Question 3

Where is the perineum?

Answer 3

in pelvic outlet between ishial tuberosities,

inferior to pelvic diaphragm

Question 4

What is the urogenital triangle?

Answer 4

contains the Superficial and deep perineal structures

Question 5

What is the anal triangle?

Answer 5

the space inferior to Sphincter ani externis (& ishiorectal fossa)
deep → puborectalis & smooth anal mm.
it is mostly empty space

Question 6

What is the perineal body?

Answer 6

Pyramidal fibromuscular node where muscle and fascia converge in superficial perineal space.
muscles of the superficial perineum attaches

Question 7

What are the layers of the perineum?

Answer 7

Superior fascia
deep perineal space/pouch (superior to perineal membrane)
perineal membrane
superficial perineal pouch (inferior to perineal membrane)
structures in superficial pouch
Muscles in superficial pouch
superficila perineal fascia (colles fascia)

Question 8

What is in the deep perineal space?

Answer 8

sphincter urethrae m.
deep transversus perineus m.
Cowper’s glands in males;

Question 9

What is in the superficial perineal pouch from deep to superficial?

Answer 9

erectile tissue, associated muscles, greater vestibular (Bartholin) glands,
paraurethral (Skene’s) glands,
superficial transversus perineus m.
perineal body

Question 10

What forms the perineal body?

Answer 10

bulbospongiosus muscle s
superficial and deep transverses muscles
puborectalis
external ani sphincter

Question 11

What is the blood supply of the internal organs of the perineum receive?

Answer 11

internal pudendal from internal iliac

Question 12

What is the blood supply of the overlying skin of the perineum?

Answer 12

external pudendal from femoral

Question 13

What is the degree of tears of child birth?

Answer 13

2nd degree
3rd degree
4th degree

Question 14

what is a 2nd degree tear?

Answer 14

torn through the perineal muscles

Question 15

What is a 3rd degree tear?

Answer 15

torn through the perineal muscles, perineal body & anal sphincter

Question 16

What is a fourth degree tear?

Answer 16

tearing the perineal muscles, perineal body anal sphincter and rectum
(through perineal body)

Question 17

What is a episiotomy?

Answer 17

cutting the vagina and the UG diaphragm to avoid taring during birth

Question 18

What or the the types of cuts in an episiotomy?

Answer 18

midline cut

mediolateral cut

Question 19

What is avoided if a mediolateral cut is performed?

Answer 19

perineal body

Question 20

which cut is easier to suture and less blood?

Answer 20

midline cut

Question 21

Where is the urogenital hiatus?

Answer 21

surrounds vagina

Question 22

What is the prepuce of the vagina?

Answer 22

foreskin around the clitoris

Question 23

Where is the clitoris when a women is excited?

Answer 23

it moves under the foreskin

Question 24

What is a hypospadia?

Answer 24

birth defect in which the urethra opens on the underside of the penis or below the penis

Question 25

What is epispadia?

Answer 25

urethral opening on top of the penis