Anatomy of the perineum Flashcards
What are the muscles of the pelvic diaphragm?
coccygeus M and levator ani
they are former tail wagging muscles
What is the doorway to get into the urogenital diaphragm?
lesser sciatic foramen
Where is the perineum?
in pelvic outlet between ishial tuberosities,
inferior to pelvic diaphragm
What is the urogenital triangle?
contains the Superficial and deep perineal structures
What is the anal triangle?
the space inferior to Sphincter ani externis (& ishiorectal fossa)
deep → puborectalis & smooth anal mm.
it is mostly empty space
What is the perineal body?
Pyramidal fibromuscular node where muscle and fascia converge in superficial perineal space.
muscles of the superficial perineum attaches
What are the layers of the perineum?
Superior fascia
deep perineal space/pouch (superior to perineal membrane)
perineal membrane
superficial perineal pouch (inferior to perineal membrane)
structures in superficial pouch
Muscles in superficial pouch
superficila perineal fascia (colles fascia)
What is in the deep perineal space?
sphincter urethrae m.
deep transversus perineus m.
Cowper’s glands in males;
What is in the superficial perineal pouch from deep to superficial?
erectile tissue, associated muscles, greater vestibular (Bartholin) glands,
paraurethral (Skene’s) glands,
superficial transversus perineus m.
perineal body
What forms the perineal body?
bulbospongiosus muscle s
superficial and deep transverses muscles
puborectalis
external ani sphincter
What is the blood supply of the internal organs of the perineum receive?
internal pudendal from internal iliac
What is the blood supply of the overlying skin of the perineum?
external pudendal from femoral
What is the degree of tears of child birth?
2nd degree
3rd degree
4th degree
what is a 2nd degree tear?
torn through the perineal muscles
What is a 3rd degree tear?
torn through the perineal muscles, perineal body & anal sphincter
What is a fourth degree tear?
tearing the perineal muscles, perineal body anal sphincter and rectum
(through perineal body)
What is a episiotomy?
cutting the vagina and the UG diaphragm to avoid taring during birth
What or the the types of cuts in an episiotomy?
midline cut
mediolateral cut
What is avoided if a mediolateral cut is performed?
perineal body
which cut is easier to suture and less blood?
midline cut
Where is the urogenital hiatus?
surrounds vagina
What is the prepuce of the vagina?
foreskin around the clitoris
Where is the clitoris when a women is excited?
it moves under the foreskin
What is a hypospadia?
birth defect in which the urethra opens on the underside of the penis or below the penis
