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Anatomy > Anatomy of the pelvis and peronium > Flashcards

Anatomy of the pelvis and peronium Flashcards

1
Q

What are the nerve roots of the obturator nerve?

A

L2-L4

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2
Q

What are the motor and sensory functions of the obturator nerve?

A
  • Motor: Innervates the medial (adductor) compartment of the thigh.
  • Sensory: Cutaneous branch innervates the skin of the medial thigh
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3
Q

Which muscles does the obturator nerve innervate?

A

All muscles of the medial thigh:

  • Adductor Longus – adducts thigh
  • Adductor Brevis – adducts thigh
  • Adductor Magnus – adductor part adducts and flexes thigh, hamstring part extends thigh
  • Gracilis – adducts thigh
  • Obturator Externus – laterally rotates thigh
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4
Q

What foramen does the Obturator nerve pass through to get to the leg + how many main branches does it have?

A
  • It passes through the Obturator foramen

* It has 2 main branches, anterior and posterior (all within the medial compartment).

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5
Q

What would damage to the obturator nerve result in?

A
  • Numbness or paraesthesia
  • Weakness of hip adduction → Gait problems
  • Secondary to surgery involving the pelvis or abdomen
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6
Q

What is the perineum?

A
  • The perineum is an anatomical region located in the pelvis.
  • It is the most inferior part of the pelvic outlet, located between the thighs.
  • It is separated from the pelvic cavity superiorly by the pelvic floor.
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7
Q

What are the 3 muscles in the urogenital (anterior) triangle?

A
  • Ischiocavernosus
  • Bulo cavernosus
  • Tansverse perineal
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8
Q

What is the anal triangle?

A

The anal triangle is the posterior half of the perineum.

The components of the anal triangle are:

  • Anal aperture – the opening of the anus.
  • External anal sphincter muscle – voluntary muscle responsible for opening and closing the anus.
  • Two ischioanal fossae – these are spaces located laterally to the anus.
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9
Q

What does the pudendal nerve do?

A
  • The pudendal nerve supplies sensation to the penis in males and the clitoris in females.
  • Branches also innervate muscles of the perineum and pelvic floor
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10
Q

What is the root of the pudendal nerve?

A

S2-4 (S2, 3, 4 keeps your dick up off the floor)

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11
Q

What are the muscles of the penis called?

A
  • The big one→ Corpus cavernosum
  • The one underneath → Corpus spongiosum
  • The root of the one underneath → Blubospongiosus
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12
Q

What are the roots of the sacral plexus?

A

S1-4 with parts of L4+5 joining

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13
Q

What are the roots of the sciatic nerve?

A

L4 - S3

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14
Q

What 5 major nerves does the sacral plexus give rise to?

A
  • Sciatic
  • Superior gluteal
  • Inferior gluteal
  • Pudendal
  • Posterior Femoral Cutaneous
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15
Q

What are the roots of the superior gluteal nerve?

A

L4 - S1

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16
Q

What are the roots of the inferior gluteal nerve?

A

L5 - S2

17
Q

What is the motor function of the sciatic nerve?

A
  • Tibial nerve – the muscles of the posterior leg (calf muscles), and some of the intrinsic muscles of the foot.
  • Common fibular nerve – the muscles of the anterior leg, lateral leg, and the remaining intrinsic foot muscles.
18
Q

What are the 2 main parts of the sciatic nerve?

A

Tibial + fibular portions

19
Q

What are the sensory functions of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve?

A

Innervates the skin on the posterior surface of the thigh and leg. Also innervates the skin of the perineum.

20
Q

what 4 muscles make up the Superficial abductors and extenders of the hip?

A

gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fascia lata.

21
Q

what are the roots of the lumbar plexus?

A

L1 - L4 (with a little T12)

22
Q

what are the 6 main nerves that arise in the sacral plexus?

A

`• Iliohypogastric Nerve - T12 + L1

  • Ilioinguinal Nerve - L1
  • Genitofemoral Nerve - L1 + L2 → innervates cremaster muscle
  • Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh - L2, L3
  • Obturator Nerve - L2, L3, L4.
  • Femoral Nerve - L2 - L4
23
Q

What is the motor and sensory function of the femoral nerve?

A
  • Motor Functions: Innervates the muscles: Illiacus, pectineus, sartorius, all the muscles of quadriceps femoris.
  • Sensory Functions: Innervates the skin on the anterior thigh and the medial leg.
24
Q

Where do the pelvic splanchnic nerves arise?

A

S2 S3 S4

25
Q

What do the pelvic splanchnic nerves do?

A
  • They regulate the emptying of the urinary bladder,
  • control opening and closing of the internal urethral sphincter
  • influence motility in the rectum as well as sexual functions like erection
  • provide parasympathetic innervation to the hindgut.
26
Q

Name 3 other more minor nerves that come from the sacral plexus? (not the Sciatic, Superior gluteal, Inferior gluteal, Pudendal or Posterior Femoral Cutaneous).

A
  • Nerve to piriformis
  • Nerve to obturator internus
  • Nerve to quadratus femoris

Anatomy (4 decks)

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