Anatomy Of The Nervous System

Question 1

What sections does the corpus callousum connect?

Answer 1

Communication between parts of the brain near right and left temples

Question 2

What is the function of the massa intermedia? What is it?

Answer 2

Cerebral commissure that connects L R lobes of diencephalon

Question 3

What are cerebral commissures?

Answer 3

Large tracts that span the longitudinal fissure

Question 4

What are the six primary cortexes?

Answer 4

Motor, somatosensory, gustatory (taste), auditory, visual, olfactory

Question 5

Where does the primary somatosensory cortex receive input?

Answer 5

From the ventral posterior nucleus and from other thalamic nuclei carrying somatosensory information

Question 6

Where is the primary somatosensory cortex located?

Answer 6

Post central gyrus

Question 7

Where does output from the primary somatosensory cortex go?

Answer 7

To the secondary somatosensory cortex

Question 8

What is the somatosensory homunculus?

Answer 8

Cortical map that has regions of the face depicting the amount of inputs

Question 9

Where is the secondary somatosensory cortex located?

Answer 9

Inferior to the primary in post central gyrus

Question 10

Where does output from the secondary somatosensory cortex go?

Answer 10

To the posterior parietal association cortex

Question 11

What is the meninges composed of?

Answer 11

Connective tissue layer covering all of the nervous system. Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

Question 12

What is the function of the meninges?

Answer 12

Protect, give structure, contain cerebrospinal fluid

Question 13

What are the layers of the brain?

Answer 13

Skull, dura mater, arachnoid space, subarachnoid space with arachnoid trabeculae, pia mater, brain

Question 14

What is the function of the subarachnoid space?

Answer 14

To contain CSF and suspend the brain in place

Question 15

What is the function of the pia mater?

Answer 15

Secretion and containment of CSF

Question 16

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

Answer 16

Voluntary movement, expressive language, manage higher level of executive function (plan organize, initiative, self monitor, control responses to achieve goal)

Question 17

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

Answer 17

Processing, interpreting,somatosensory input, inform about objects in external environment, proprioception (position movement of body parts), integrates sensory input into a coordinate system to represent the world

Question 18

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

Answer 18

Processes auditory information and encoding memory process affect emotion, language and aspects of visual perception

Question 19

Is there a dominant temporal lobe?

Answer 19

Yes, usually the left but dependent on the amount of connections made and experience

Question 20

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

Answer 20

Visual perception (color, form, motion)

Question 21

What is the function of the olfactory nerve? Is it sensory or motor? Where does it exit the brain?

Answer 21

-control smell, transmit olfactory stimuli from nose to brain
-sensory
-cerebrum

Question 22

What is the function of the optic nerve? Is it sensory or motor? Where does it exit the brain?

Answer 22

-sight. Eye to brain connection
-sensory
-cerebrum

Question 23

What is the function of the oculomotor nerve? Is it sensory or motor? Where does it exit the brain?

Answer 23

-adjust eye position/movement, pupil size
-motor
-midbrain

Question 24

What is the function of the trochlear nerve? Is it sensory or motor? Where does it exit the brain?

Answer 24

-coordinate eye super oblique muscle, eye movement and rotate
-motor
-midbrain

Question 25

What is the function of the trigeminal nerve? Is it sensory or motor? Where does it exit the brain?

Answer 25

-sensory face innervation (temp, touch, pain), chewing -motor/sensory -pons

Question 26

What is the function of the abducens nerve? Is it sensory or motor? Where does it exit the brain?

Answer 26

-eye muscle, lateral rectus -motor -pons

Question 27

What is the function of the facial nerve? Is it sensory or motor? Where does it exit the brain?

Answer 27

-facial expression muscle, salvation glands, taste inform from tongue, tear glands -sensory and motor -pons

Question 28

What is the function of the vestibularcochlear nerve? Is it sensory or motor? Where does it exit the brain?

Answer 28

-hearing/balance, orientation in space -sensory -pons

Question 29

What is the function of the glossopharngeal nerve? Is it sensory or motor? Where does it exit the brain?

Answer 29

-raise throat for swallowing, taste, monitor BP -sensory and motor -medulla

Question 30

What is the function of the vagus nerve? Is it sensory or motor? Where does it exit the brain?

Answer 30

-conduct signals to/from gut organs, swallowing, autonomic nervous system in response to stress -sensory and motor -medulla

Question 31

What is the function of the accessory nerve? Is it sensory or motor? Where does it exit the brain?

Answer 31

-neck rotation, shoulder/head movement -motor -medulla

Question 32

What is the function of the hypoglossal nerve? Is it sensory or motor? Where does it exit the brain?

Answer 32

-innervates intrinsic/extrinsic tongue, swallowing, speech, tongue muscles -motor -medulla

Question 33

What composes the cerebral cortex? Function?

Answer 33

Grey matter covering 6 layers. Composed of cell bodies. Functions in processing and cognition. White mater with axons for tracts and brain communication

Question 34

What is the neocortex? What is it composed of?

Answer 34

Composes 90% of the cortex. Part of the outer layer. Composed of pyramidal cells and stellate cells

Question 35

What are the two types of stellate cells?

Answer 35

Smooth-inhibitory Spiny-excitatory

Question 36

What is present in the first layer of the neocortex? Molecular level

Answer 36

Few scattered cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, spiny stellate. Inputs crucial for feedback interactions in cortex for attention and associative learning

Question 37

What is present in the external granular layer (2) of the neocortex?

Answer 37

Dense stellate and few pyramidal cells

Question 38

What is present in the external pyramidal (3) layer of the neocortex?

Answer 38

Predominately small and medium pyramidal cells. Vertically oriented cortical axons that stay within the cortex. Main target of interhemishperic cortico-cortical aference

Question 39

What is present in the internal granular (4) layer of the neocortex?

Answer 39

Dense, packed stellate cells, some pyramidal. Target of thalomocortical afference and intrahemispheric cortico-cortical afference

Question 40

What is present in the internal pyramidal (5) layer of the neocortex?

Answer 40

Large pyramidal cells that give rise to axons that leave the cortex to subcortical layers. Few, loose stellate cells

Question 41

What is present in the multiform (6) layer of the neocortex?

Answer 41

Multi size pyramidal cells, loose packed stellate. Spindle like multiform neurons. Sends efferent fibers to thalamus establishing reciprocal interconnection between thalamus and cortex

Question 42

What is white matter composed of?

Answer 42

Myelinated pyramidal cell axons, few cell bodies

Question 43

What two cortex composes the allocortex? What is the function of each of them?

Answer 43

Paliocortex- 3 layers, olfactory Archicortex- 3 layers, survival