Anatomy of the nervous system Flashcards
label this
What protects the brain against internal/external environment
blood-brain barrier
blood spinal cord barrier
meninges, skull and vertebral column
where is CSF made
choroid plexus
where does CSF drain
superior sagittal sinus
what structures in the superior sagittal sinus allow CFS to drain
arachnoid villi
what structures in the superior sagittal sinus allow CFS to drain
arachnoid villi
what does trophic mean
relating to nourishment
what’s the difference bewteen an Schwann cell and oligodendrocyte
Schwann=PNS only myelinates one neurone
ODC=CNS, can myelinate several neurones and/or several regions of the same neurone
where are Purkinje cells found and what do they look like?
in the cerebellum
very many dendrites, looks like a tree
what do astrocytes do?
form the blood brain barrier with their feet, also trophic influence on neurones
What do microglia do? Which other cells do they resemble (in job anyway)?
mediate neuroinflammation. phagocytotic, same job as macrophages but in the CNS
what else do astrocytes do?
take up excess neurotransmitter
describe the dura mater
double layered (folded on itself)
periosteal layer attached to skull
meningeal attached to arachnoid
what is the pia mater
brain bag
what is this, what does it do
Circle of Willis
circulatory anastamosis in the brain. Allows bi-directional blood flow (mediated by pressure) across all bits of the brain
compare th earrangement of grey and white mater in the brain and spinal cord
brain: grey on the outside, white on the inside
SC: opposite
what is in grey matter
neural cell bodies
what is in white matter
axons and glial cells
what is the corpus callosum
bundle of nerve fibres connecting the hemispheres
label this
what does the brainstem do
provides innervation to the face and neck
has conductive functions: ascending and descending tracts
what does the reticular formation do and where is it
in the brainstem; integrative functions such as sleep/wake cycle, consciousness, language, thinking etc
how many lobes does the cerebellum have abd what do they look like
3, anterior, middle/posterior, flocculonodular. rolled up tree
what are commissural fibres
connect r and l part of brain
what do association fibres do
connect different parts of the brain together
name some commissural fibres
corpus callosum
anterior/posterior commissure
what do projection fibres do
project to/from peripheral NS from brain
name a projection fibre
corona radiata
internal capsule
label this
where does brainstem become spinal cord
around c1/2 ie after foranum magnum
what does the cerebellum get involved with
proprioception
balance
eye mvt
coordination
how does the cerebrum communicate with the cerebellum
3 peduncles sup, mid, inf
what does the inferior peduncle do
afferent information via nerves from periphery
what does the middle peduncle do
afferent info from motor cortex
what does the superior peduncle do
efferent nerves to the thalamus and red nucleus
how many pairs of spinal nerves are there
31
where do afferent nerves feed into?
dorsal root ganglion
where do efferent nerves emerge?
ventral root
label this
what are the exit levels for the cranial nerves
2,2,4,4,
1,2 cerebrum
3,4, midbrain
5678, pons
9,10,11,12 medulla
what are the cranial nerves
Olfactory
Optic
Occulomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducent
Facial
Vestibulocochlear
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal
what colour is myelin on electromicrograph
black
what is a bundle of neuronal axons called
a fascicle
what are plexi
combinations of spinal nerve roots
what are the plexi
c1-c4 cervical
c5-t1 brachial
l1-l4 lumbar
l4-s4 sacral
s4-co coccygeal
why no plexi in the trunk
don’t need the complexity. only innervates respiratory muscles
