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brain and nervous system > Anatomy of the nervous system > Flashcards

Anatomy of the nervous system Flashcards

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1
Q

label this

A
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2
Q

What protects the brain against internal/external environment

A

blood-brain barrier
blood spinal cord barrier
meninges, skull and vertebral column

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3
Q

where is CSF made

A

choroid plexus

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4
Q

where does CSF drain

A

superior sagittal sinus

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5
Q

what structures in the superior sagittal sinus allow CFS to drain

A

arachnoid villi

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6
Q

what structures in the superior sagittal sinus allow CFS to drain

A

arachnoid villi

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7
Q

what does trophic mean

A

relating to nourishment

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8
Q

what’s the difference bewteen an Schwann cell and oligodendrocyte

A

Schwann=PNS only myelinates one neurone
ODC=CNS, can myelinate several neurones and/or several regions of the same neurone

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9
Q

where are Purkinje cells found and what do they look like?

A

in the cerebellum
very many dendrites, looks like a tree

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10
Q

what do astrocytes do?

A

form the blood brain barrier with their feet, also trophic influence on neurones

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11
Q

What do microglia do? Which other cells do they resemble (in job anyway)?

A

mediate neuroinflammation. phagocytotic, same job as macrophages but in the CNS

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12
Q

what else do astrocytes do?

A

take up excess neurotransmitter

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13
Q

describe the dura mater

A

double layered (folded on itself)
periosteal layer attached to skull
meningeal attached to arachnoid

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14
Q

what is the pia mater

A

brain bag

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15
Q

what is this, what does it do

A

Circle of Willis
circulatory anastamosis in the brain. Allows bi-directional blood flow (mediated by pressure) across all bits of the brain

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16
Q

compare th earrangement of grey and white mater in the brain and spinal cord

A

brain: grey on the outside, white on the inside
SC: opposite

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17
Q

what is in grey matter

A

neural cell bodies

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18
Q

what is in white matter

A

axons and glial cells

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19
Q

what is the corpus callosum

A

bundle of nerve fibres connecting the hemispheres

20
Q

label this

A
21
Q

what does the brainstem do

A

provides innervation to the face and neck
has conductive functions: ascending and descending tracts

22
Q

what does the reticular formation do and where is it

A

in the brainstem; integrative functions such as sleep/wake cycle, consciousness, language, thinking etc

23
Q

how many lobes does the cerebellum have abd what do they look like

A

3, anterior, middle/posterior, flocculonodular. rolled up tree

24
Q

what are commissural fibres

A

connect r and l part of brain

25
Q

what do association fibres do

A

connect different parts of the brain together

26
Q

name some commissural fibres

A

corpus callosum
anterior/posterior commissure

27
Q

what do projection fibres do

A

project to/from peripheral NS from brain

28
Q

name a projection fibre

A

corona radiata
internal capsule

29
Q

label this

A
30
Q

where does brainstem become spinal cord

A

around c1/2 ie after foranum magnum

31
Q

what does the cerebellum get involved with

A

proprioception
balance
eye mvt
coordination

32
Q

how does the cerebrum communicate with the cerebellum

A

3 peduncles sup, mid, inf

33
Q

what does the inferior peduncle do

A

afferent information via nerves from periphery

34
Q

what does the middle peduncle do

A

afferent info from motor cortex

35
Q

what does the superior peduncle do

A

efferent nerves to the thalamus and red nucleus

36
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there

A

31

37
Q

where do afferent nerves feed into?

A

dorsal root ganglion

38
Q

where do efferent nerves emerge?

A

ventral root

39
Q

label this

A
40
Q

what are the exit levels for the cranial nerves

A

2,2,4,4,
1,2 cerebrum
3,4, midbrain
5678, pons
9,10,11,12 medulla

41
Q

what are the cranial nerves

A

Olfactory
Optic
Occulomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducent
Facial
Vestibulocochlear
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal

42
Q

what colour is myelin on electromicrograph

A

black

43
Q

what is a bundle of neuronal axons called

A

a fascicle

44
Q

what are plexi

A

combinations of spinal nerve roots

45
Q

what are the plexi

A

c1-c4 cervical
c5-t1 brachial
l1-l4 lumbar
l4-s4 sacral
s4-co coccygeal

46
Q

why no plexi in the trunk

A

don’t need the complexity. only innervates respiratory muscles

brain and nervous system (2 decks)

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