Anatomy of the Male Pelvis Flashcards
What is the origin of the common iliac artery?
Answer: The common iliac artery is formed by the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta at the level of the L4 vertebra.
Which artery supplies the superior surface of the bladder and may give branches to the vas deferens?
Answer: The superior vesical artery supplies the superior surface of the bladder and may give branches to the vas deferens.
What is the largest branch of the internal iliac artery that exits the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen inferior to the piriformis muscle?
The inferior gluteal artery is the largest branch of the internal iliac artery that exits the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen inferior to the piriformis muscle.
Which artery supplies the rectum, seminal vesicle, and prostate gland?
The middle rectal artery supplies the rectum, seminal vesicle, and prostate gland.
What artery supplies the base of the bladder, vas deferens, and prostate gland in males?
The inferior vesical artery supplies the base of the bladder, vas deferens, and prostate gland in males.
Which artery carries deoxygenated blood to the placenta during fetal development and occludes after birth?
The umbilical artery carries deoxygenated blood to the placenta during fetal development and occludes after birth.
Which artery runs with the vein and nerve through the obturator foramen to supply the medial aspect of the thigh?
The obturator artery runs with the vein and nerve through the obturator foramen to supply the medial aspect of the thigh.
Which artery supplies the perineum and external genitalia?
The internal pudendal artery supplies the perineum and external genitalia.
What is the function of the internal iliac artery in the male pelvis?
The internal iliac artery supplies blood to the pelvic organs, gluteal region, and perineum.
Which artery is the terminal branch of the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery and supplies blood to the external genitalia?
The internal pudendal artery is the terminal branch of the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery and supplies blood to the external genitalia.
What is the origin of the common iliac artery?
The common iliac artery is formed by the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta at the level of the L4 vertebra.
Which artery supplies the superior surface of the bladder and may give branches to the vas deferens?
The superior vesical artery supplies the superior surface of the bladder and may give branches to the vas deferens.
What is the largest branch of the internal iliac artery that exits the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen inferior to the piriformis muscle?
Answer: The inferior gluteal artery is the largest branch of the internal iliac artery that exits the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen inferior to the piriformis muscle.
Which artery supplies the rectum, seminal vesicle, and prostate gland?
The middle rectal artery supplies the rectum, seminal vesicle, and prostate gland.
What artery supplies the base of the bladder, vas deferens, and prostate gland in males?
The inferior vesical artery supplies the base of the bladder, vas deferens, and prostate gland in males.
Which artery carries deoxygenated blood to the placenta during fetal development and occludes after birth?
The umbilical artery carries deoxygenated blood to the placenta during fetal development and occludes after birth.
Which artery runs with the vein and nerve through the obturator foramen to supply the medial aspect of the thigh?
The obturator artery runs with the vein and nerve through the obturator foramen to supply the medial aspect of the thigh.
Which artery supplies the perineum and external genitalia?
The internal pudendal artery supplies the perineum and external genitalia.
What is the function of the internal iliac artery in the male pelvis?
The internal iliac artery supplies blood to the pelvic organs, gluteal region, and perineum.
Which artery is the terminal branch of the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery and supplies blood to the external genitalia?
The internal pudendal artery is the terminal branch of the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery and supplies blood to the external genitalia.
Where do the lymphatic vessels from the pelvic viscera drain?
They drain into the internal and external iliac lymph nodes, which then drain into the pre-aortic nodes.
How do the lymphatic vessels of the testes and scrotal structures drain?
They follow the testicular vessels and drain into the aortic (lumbar) lymph nodes.
Where do the lymphatic vessels from the perineum drain?
Deep perineal structures drain into the internal iliac lymph nodes. The penis and scrotum drain into the superficial inguinal lymph nodes, while the glans penis drains into the deep inguinal lymph nodes.
What is the sympathetic nerve supply to the pelvic viscera?
Sympathetic fibers originate from the sympathetic chain and the inferior hypogastric plexus, including the sacral splanchnic nerves (L1–L2/3).
They contract the internal urethral and anal sphincters and stimulate secretion from reproductive glands.
What is the parasympathetic nerve supply to the pelvic viscera?
Parasympathetic fibers are provided by the pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2–S4).
They facilitate erection, contraction of the detrusor muscle in the bladder, and inhibit contraction of the internal urethral and anal sphincters.
What is the function of the pudendal nerve?
The pudendal nerve (S2–S4) provides motor and sensory innervation to the perineum, including the external genitalia and perineal skin.
Where do the testes develop, and how do they descend?
The testes develop on the posterior abdominal wall and migrate inferiorly, eventually descending through the abdominal wall via the inguinal canal, acquiring layers along the way.
Which structures are responsible for the thermoregulation of the testes?
The cremasteric muscles, dartos fascia, and pampiniform plexus are responsible for thermoregulation of the testes.
What is the function of the epididymis?
The epididymis stores and matures spermatozoa.
What structures are included in the spermatic cord?
3 arteries: artery of the ductus deferens, testicular artery, cremasteric artery
3 nerves: genital branch of the genitofermoral nerve, parasympathetic and sympathetic nerve fibers
3 fascias: external spermatic fascia, cremasteric fascia, internal spermatic fascia
3 other things: ductus deferens, pampiniform plexus, lymphatic vessels
What percentage of semen is produced by the seminal vesicle?
The seminal vesicle produces 70% of semen.
What percentage of semen is produced by the prostate gland?
The prostate gland produces 20–30% of semen.
Where is the prostate located, and what ligament holds it in place?
The prostate lies inferior to the bladder and is held in place by the puboprostatic ligament.
Which zones of the prostate are associated with cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?
The prostatic peripheral zone is associated with cancer, while the transitional zone is associated with BPH.
Where is the bulbourethral gland located, and what is its function?
The bulbourethral gland is located in the deep perineal pouch and is responsible for secreting pre-ejaculatory fluid that enters the spongy urethra.
What are the three parts of the male urethra?
The three parts of the male urethra are the prostatic, membranous, and spongy segments.
How is the internal urethral sphincter controlled?
The internal urethral sphincter contracts via sympathetic nerve stimulation.
How is the external urethral sphincter controlled?
The external urethral sphincter contracts via somatic nerve stimulation.
What are the three erectile tissue bodies of the penis?
The penis is composed of three erectile tissue bodies: two corpora cavernosa and one corpus spongiosum.
What are the three parts of the penis?
The penis has a root, body, and glans.
What are the phases involved in male sexual response?
The phases include erection, emission, and ejaculation.
Into what divisions is the internal iliac artery divided?
The internal iliac artery is divided into anterior and posterior divisions.
hat does the anterior division of the internal iliac artery supply?
The anterior division supplies the pelvis and perineum.
Describe the pathway of the pudendal neurovascular bundle.
The pudendal neurovascular bundle exits the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen, enters the perineum through the lesser sciatic foramen, passing behind the ischial spine.
What are the important branches of the pudendal nerve to the penis and scrotum?
The pudendal nerve gives off branches such as the dorsal nerve of the penis and the perineal nerve, which innervate the penis and scrotum.
What types of nerves are present in the pelvis?
The pelvis contains autonomic (sympathetic and parasympathetic) and somatic nerves.
Where do the lymphatics of the pelvis and perineum drain?
The lymphatics of the pelvis and perineum drain into the internal iliac lymph nodes, external iliac lymph nodes, and common iliac lymph nodes
