Anatomy of the Male Pelvis

Question 1

What is the origin of the common iliac artery?

Answer 1

Answer: The common iliac artery is formed by the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta at the level of the L4 vertebra.

Question 2

Which artery supplies the superior surface of the bladder and may give branches to the vas deferens?

Answer 2

Answer: The superior vesical artery supplies the superior surface of the bladder and may give branches to the vas deferens.

Question 3

What is the largest branch of the internal iliac artery that exits the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen inferior to the piriformis muscle?

Answer 3

The inferior gluteal artery is the largest branch of the internal iliac artery that exits the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen inferior to the piriformis muscle.

Question 4

Which artery supplies the rectum, seminal vesicle, and prostate gland?

Answer 4

The middle rectal artery supplies the rectum, seminal vesicle, and prostate gland.

Question 5

What artery supplies the base of the bladder, vas deferens, and prostate gland in males?

Answer 5

The inferior vesical artery supplies the base of the bladder, vas deferens, and prostate gland in males.

Question 6

Which artery carries deoxygenated blood to the placenta during fetal development and occludes after birth?

Answer 6

The umbilical artery carries deoxygenated blood to the placenta during fetal development and occludes after birth.

Question 7

Which artery runs with the vein and nerve through the obturator foramen to supply the medial aspect of the thigh?

Answer 7

The obturator artery runs with the vein and nerve through the obturator foramen to supply the medial aspect of the thigh.

Question 8

Which artery supplies the perineum and external genitalia?

Answer 8

The internal pudendal artery supplies the perineum and external genitalia.

Question 9

What is the function of the internal iliac artery in the male pelvis?

Answer 9

The internal iliac artery supplies blood to the pelvic organs, gluteal region, and perineum.

Question 10

Which artery is the terminal branch of the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery and supplies blood to the external genitalia?

Answer 10

The internal pudendal artery is the terminal branch of the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery and supplies blood to the external genitalia.

Question 11

What is the origin of the common iliac artery?

Answer 11

The common iliac artery is formed by the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta at the level of the L4 vertebra.

Question 12

Which artery supplies the superior surface of the bladder and may give branches to the vas deferens?

Answer 12

The superior vesical artery supplies the superior surface of the bladder and may give branches to the vas deferens.

Question 13

What is the largest branch of the internal iliac artery that exits the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen inferior to the piriformis muscle?

Answer 13

Answer: The inferior gluteal artery is the largest branch of the internal iliac artery that exits the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen inferior to the piriformis muscle.

Question 14

Which artery supplies the rectum, seminal vesicle, and prostate gland?

Answer 14

The middle rectal artery supplies the rectum, seminal vesicle, and prostate gland.

Question 15

What artery supplies the base of the bladder, vas deferens, and prostate gland in males?

Answer 15

The inferior vesical artery supplies the base of the bladder, vas deferens, and prostate gland in males.

Question 16

Which artery carries deoxygenated blood to the placenta during fetal development and occludes after birth?

Answer 16

The umbilical artery carries deoxygenated blood to the placenta during fetal development and occludes after birth.

Question 17

Which artery runs with the vein and nerve through the obturator foramen to supply the medial aspect of the thigh?

Answer 17

The obturator artery runs with the vein and nerve through the obturator foramen to supply the medial aspect of the thigh.

Question 18

Which artery supplies the perineum and external genitalia?

Answer 18

The internal pudendal artery supplies the perineum and external genitalia.

Question 19

What is the function of the internal iliac artery in the male pelvis?

Answer 19

The internal iliac artery supplies blood to the pelvic organs, gluteal region, and perineum.

Question 20

Which artery is the terminal branch of the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery and supplies blood to the external genitalia?

Answer 20

The internal pudendal artery is the terminal branch of the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery and supplies blood to the external genitalia.

Question 21

Where do the lymphatic vessels from the pelvic viscera drain?

Answer 21

They drain into the internal and external iliac lymph nodes, which then drain into the pre-aortic nodes.

Question 22

How do the lymphatic vessels of the testes and scrotal structures drain?

Answer 22

They follow the testicular vessels and drain into the aortic (lumbar) lymph nodes.

Question 23

Where do the lymphatic vessels from the perineum drain?

Answer 23

Deep perineal structures drain into the internal iliac lymph nodes. The penis and scrotum drain into the superficial inguinal lymph nodes, while the glans penis drains into the deep inguinal lymph nodes.

Question 24

What is the sympathetic nerve supply to the pelvic viscera?

Answer 24

Sympathetic fibers originate from the sympathetic chain and the inferior hypogastric plexus, including the sacral splanchnic nerves (L1–L2/3).

They contract the internal urethral and anal sphincters and stimulate secretion from reproductive glands.

Question 25

What is the parasympathetic nerve supply to the pelvic viscera?

Answer 25

Parasympathetic fibers are provided by the pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2–S4). They facilitate erection, contraction of the detrusor muscle in the bladder, and inhibit contraction of the internal urethral and anal sphincters.

Question 26

What is the function of the pudendal nerve?

Answer 26

The pudendal nerve (S2–S4) provides motor and sensory innervation to the perineum, including the external genitalia and perineal skin.

Question 27

Where do the testes develop, and how do they descend?

Answer 27

The testes develop on the posterior abdominal wall and migrate inferiorly, eventually descending through the abdominal wall via the inguinal canal, acquiring layers along the way.

Question 28

Which structures are responsible for the thermoregulation of the testes?

Answer 28

The cremasteric muscles, dartos fascia, and pampiniform plexus are responsible for thermoregulation of the testes.

Question 29

What is the function of the epididymis?

Answer 29

The epididymis stores and matures spermatozoa.

Question 30

What structures are included in the spermatic cord?

Answer 30

3 arteries: artery of the ductus deferens, testicular artery, cremasteric artery 3 nerves: genital branch of the genitofermoral nerve, parasympathetic and sympathetic nerve fibers 3 fascias: external spermatic fascia, cremasteric fascia, internal spermatic fascia 3 other things: ductus deferens, pampiniform plexus, lymphatic vessels

Question 31

What percentage of semen is produced by the seminal vesicle?

Answer 31

The seminal vesicle produces 70% of semen.

Question 32

What percentage of semen is produced by the prostate gland?

Answer 32

The prostate gland produces 20–30% of semen.

Question 33

Where is the prostate located, and what ligament holds it in place?

Answer 33

The prostate lies inferior to the bladder and is held in place by the puboprostatic ligament.

Question 34

Which zones of the prostate are associated with cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?

Answer 34

The prostatic peripheral zone is associated with cancer, while the transitional zone is associated with BPH.

Question 35

Where is the bulbourethral gland located, and what is its function?

Answer 35

The bulbourethral gland is located in the deep perineal pouch and is responsible for secreting pre-ejaculatory fluid that enters the spongy urethra.

Question 36

What are the three parts of the male urethra?

Answer 36

The three parts of the male urethra are the prostatic, membranous, and spongy segments.

Question 37

How is the internal urethral sphincter controlled?

Answer 37

The internal urethral sphincter contracts via sympathetic nerve stimulation.

Question 38

How is the external urethral sphincter controlled?

Answer 38

The external urethral sphincter contracts via somatic nerve stimulation.

Question 39

What are the three erectile tissue bodies of the penis?

Answer 39

The penis is composed of three erectile tissue bodies: two corpora cavernosa and one corpus spongiosum.

Question 40

What are the three parts of the penis?

Answer 40

The penis has a root, body, and glans.

Question 41

What are the phases involved in male sexual response?

Answer 41

The phases include erection, emission, and ejaculation.

Question 42

Into what divisions is the internal iliac artery divided?

Answer 42

The internal iliac artery is divided into anterior and posterior divisions.

Question 43

hat does the anterior division of the internal iliac artery supply?

Answer 43

The anterior division supplies the pelvis and perineum.

Question 44

Describe the pathway of the pudendal neurovascular bundle.

Answer 44

The pudendal neurovascular bundle exits the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen, enters the perineum through the lesser sciatic foramen, passing behind the ischial spine.

Question 45

What are the important branches of the pudendal nerve to the penis and scrotum?

Answer 45

The pudendal nerve gives off branches such as the dorsal nerve of the penis and the perineal nerve, which innervate the penis and scrotum.

Question 46

What types of nerves are present in the pelvis?

Answer 46

The pelvis contains autonomic (sympathetic and parasympathetic) and somatic nerves.

Question 47

Where do the lymphatics of the pelvis and perineum drain?

Answer 47

The lymphatics of the pelvis and perineum drain into the internal iliac lymph nodes, external iliac lymph nodes, and common iliac lymph nodes