Anatomy of the Lungs and Respiratory System Flashcards
The tracheal bifurcation is at T5-6 T/F
True
The right lower lobe is adjacent to the right heart border T/F
False - the right middle lobe is adjacent to the right heart border.
The main bronchi contain C-shaped rings of cartilage T/F
False. The main bronchi contain complete rings of cartilage; C-shaped rings are found in the trachea.
An epidural for Caesarean section adversely affects the function of the diaphragm T/F
False. The innervation of the diaphragm is from the phrenic nerves (C3-5); epidural block to T4 for caesarean section does not affect the function of the diaphragm.
Which lobar bronchus has its origin closest to the carina?
A. Left upper lobe
B. Left lower lobe
C. Right upper lobe
D. Right middle lobe
E. Right lower lobe
C - Right upper lobe. It is normally 2-3 cm only from the carina and is easily occluded by a tube that is inserted inadvertently into the right main bronchus.
On CXR: The left hemidiaphragm is usually the same height as the right T/F
False. The right hemidiaphragm overlies the liver and is higher than the left.
On CXR: In an ideal film it should be possible to see at least 10 ribs anteriorly
False. It should be possible to see 10 ribs posteriorly.
On CXR: A tension pneumothorax is associated with mediastinal shift T/F
True
On CXR: The carina is at T4 T/F
False. The tracheal bifurcation is at T5-6.
On CXR: Left lower lobe pneumonia may be associated with an air bronchogram behind the heart T/F
True. The lower lobe of the left lung is largely behind the heart, so an air bronchogram due to pneumonia will appear behind the heart.
The ideal site for emergency thoracocentesis is above the second rib, mid-clavicular line T/F
False. The ideal site for emergency thoracocentesis is below the second rib, mid clavicular line. This is to avoid damage to the subclavian vessels. (Although now is safe triangle?)
The second rib articulates with the sternum at the sternal angle T/F
True
The incision for a chest drain should be in the intercostal space immediately below the relevant rib T/F
False. The incision for a chest drain should be in an intercostal space immediately above the lower rib, to avoid the neurovascular bundle that runs in a groove under the rib.
The correct position for a definitive chest drain is the fifth intercostal space, anterior axillary line T/F
False. The correct position is the 5th intercostal space, mid-axillary line.
The fifth intercostal space is below the fifth rib T/F
True
