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204: Theme 2 > Anatomy of the Lower Limbs > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Lower Limbs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the lower limb adapted for?

A
  • locomotion
  • weight-bearing
  • endearing high stresses
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2
Q

Label this diagram

A
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3
Q

Label this diagram

  • what structure is it
A

Pelvis

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4
Q

Label this diagram

  • what structure is it?
A

Femur

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5
Q

Label this diagram

  • what structures are they?
A

Tibia, fibula, foot

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6
Q

What movements occur in the lower limbs?

A
  • Flexion/Extension
  • Abduction/Adduction
  • Lateral (external) /medial (internal) rotation
  • Pronation/supination
  • Circumduction
  • there is no opposition
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7
Q

What are the joints of the lower limb?

(4)

  • what movement do they allow
A
  • Hip joint
    • ​flexion/extension
    • abduction/adduction
    • circumduction
    • medial/lateral rotation of femur
  • Knee joint
    • flexion/extension
    • a little medial/lateral rotation
  • Ankle joint
    • ​dorsiflexion/plantarflexion
  • Joints of the foot
    • ​Inversion/eversion (pointing foot in and out)
    • Extension/ flexion
    • Supination/pronation
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8
Q

What movements are carried out by the joints of the foot?

A
  • ​Inversion/eversion
  • Extension/ flexion
  • Supination/pronation
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9
Q

What are the compartments of the Thigh?

(3)

  • what do they contain
A
  • Anterior: extensors of the leg
  • Posterior: flexors of the leg
  • Medial: adductor muscles
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10
Q

What are the three major gluteal muscles?

  • movement/ action
A
  • Gluteus maximus: Extension + lateral rotation of thigh
    • also supports the extended knee via the iliotibial tract where it inserts
  • Gluteus medius: Abduction + medial rotation of thigh
  • Gluteus minimus: Abduction + medial rotation of thigh

superficial to deep

these muscles facilitate locomotion

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11
Q

OrIn of the Gluteus Maximus

  • innervation?
  • role of the Tensor fasciae latae + OrIn
A

Origin: Illium

  • Inserts: Gluteal tuberosity, Iliotibial tract
  • Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve
  • the Tensor fasciae latae: tenses the fascia and the iliotibial tract to help stabilise the knee joint
    • origin: anterior superior iliac spine
    • inserts: iliotibial tract
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12
Q

OrIn of the Gluteus medius and minimus

  • innervation?
A
  • Origin: Ileum
  • Insertion: Greater trochanter
  • Innervation: superior gluteal nerve
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13
Q

What are the small muscles of the gluteal region?

(main 1)

  • action/ role
A
  • Piriformis
  • Gemellus superior, Obturator internus, Gemellus inferior, Quadratus femoris
  • they are equivalent to the rotator cuff
    • stabilize the hip
    • sit posterior to the hip joint
    • provide lateral rotation of the thigh
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14
Q

OrIn of the small muscles of the gluteal region

  • Innervation?
A
  • Origin: Sacrum (piriformis) and ischium/ischiopubic ramus*
  • Insertion: Greater trochanter
  • Innervation: branches of the sacral plexus
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15
Q

What are the muscles on the anterior compartment of the thigh?

  • action?
A
  • The Quadriceps: extension of the leg
    • Rectus femoris: provides flexion of the thigh
      • origin AIIS
    • Vastus lateralis
    • Vastus medialis
    • Vastus intermedius (behind rectus femoris)
  • Sartorius: flexes the thigh, flexes the leg at the knee joint
    • ​allows you to cross your legs (tailors muscle)
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16
Q

OrIn of the Quadricep muscles

  • innervation?

what about Sartorius muscle

A
  • Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine (rectus femoris) + femur
    • Sartorius: anterior superior iliac spine
  • Insertion: Tibial tuberosity
    • Sartorius tibia
  • Innervation: femoral nerve
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17
Q

Label this diagram

  • what does it show?
A

Quadriceps

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18
Q

What are the muscles of the Postoriar thigh compartment?

  • action
A
  • the Hamstrings
    • Biceps femoris
      • long and short head
    • Semimembranosus
    • Semitendinous
  • carry out
    • extension of thigh
    • flexion of the leg
    • medial (semi’s) and lateral rotation (biceps femoris)
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19
Q

OrIn of the Hamstrings

  • Innervation?
A
  • Origin: Ischial tuberosity
    • short-head of the Biceps femoris: femur
  • Insertion: Tibia
    • short-head of the Biceps femoris: fibula
  • Innervation: Sciatic nerve
    • biceps femoris runs over it
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20
Q

What are the superficial muscles of the Medial thigh compartment?

  • action?
A
  • Pectineus
  • Adductor longus
  • Gracilis
    • ​flexes the leg at the knee joint
  • action
    • adduction of thigh
    • medial rotation
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21
Q

What are the Middle and Deep muscles of the medial thigh comportment?

  • action
A

Mid

  • Adductor Brevis

Deep

  • Adductor Magnus
    • adductor part
    • hamstring part

Action

  • adduction of thigh
  • medial rotation
  • extension of thigh (hamstring part)
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22
Q

OrIn of the muscles in the Medial thigh compartment

  • innervation

(deep muscle variation)

A
  • Origin: Pubis and Ischium
    • Adductor part of the Magnus: Ischiopubic ramus
    • Hamstring part of the Magnus: Ischial tuberosity
  • Insertion: Linea aspera
    • Adductor part of the Magnus: Linea aspera
    • Hamstring part of the Magnus: Adductor tubercle
    • Gracilis: Tibia
  • Innervation: Obturator nerve
    • Pectineus: Femoral nerve
    • Hamstring part of the AM: Sciatic nerve (same nerves as the hamstrings)
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23
Q

Review the different movements of the thigh

A
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24
Q

What is the significance of the Adductor hiatus?

A
  • the femoral blood vessels pass through to reach the posterior part of the knee
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25
Q

OrIn of the Iliopsoas muscles

  • innervation?
  • action?
A
  • Origin:
    • Iliacus: Inside the ilium
    • psoas major: Lumbar vertabrae
  • Insertion: lesser trochanter
  • Innervation: L2-L4 of the lumbar plexus
  • Action:
    • flexes the thigh at the hip joint
    • flexes the trunk
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26
Q

Which nerves supply the Lower Limb - overview

(5)

A
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27
Q

The Femoral Nerve

  • journey/branches
  • motor supply
  • sensory supply
A
  • Motor: Anterior compartment of thigh
  • Sensory: Skin over the anterior thigh, knee, medial side of leg and foot
  • from the lumbar plexus: L2-L4
    • gives rise to the Saphenous nerve
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28
Q

What is the role of the Saphenous nerve?

  • origin?
A
  • branch of the Femoral nerve
  • provides sensory supply to the medial leg and foot
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29
Q

The Obturator Nerve

  • journey/branches
  • motor supply
  • sensory supply
A
  • Motor: Medial compartment of thigh
    • except for the pectineus (femoral) and hamstring part of the AM (sciatic nerve)
  • Sensory: Skin over the medial thigh
  • from the lumbar plexus: L2-L4
    • travels through the obturator foramen
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30
Q

The Sciatic Nerve

  • motor supply
  • sensory supply
  • journey/branches
A
  • Motor: Posterior compartment of thigh, and leg and foot
    • +hamstring part of adductor magnus
  • Sensory: Skin over leg and foot
    • except the medial side, supplied by the saphenous nerve
  • from the lumbar plexus: L4-S3
    • travels through the Greater Sciatic foramen
    • goes through the Popliteal fossa and branches
      • Tibial nerve
      • Common fibular/peroneal nerve
        • superficial/ deep fibular
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31
Q

Label this diagram

  • what structure is shown?
A

Sciatic Nerve

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32
Q

What is the bloody supply progression of the lower limb?

A
  • External iliac artery –> (travels under the Inguinal ligament)
  • Femoral artery –>
    • give the profunda femoris artery branch
    • goes through the adductor hiatus
  • Popliteal artery –>
  • Anteiro and posterior tibial arteries
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33
Q

The Femoral Triangle?

  • bounds
  • what is within it?
  • clinical relevance?
A
  • Sartorius muscle, Inguinal ligament, adductor longus
  • Femoral nerve –> artery –> vein –> lymphatics sit within it lateral to medial

Clinical

  • Femoral hernia (femoral canal),
  • access the femoral artery angioplasty,
  • femoral nerve block,
  • venepuncture
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34
Q

What forms the Popliteal fossa?

A
  • superiorly: hamstring muscles
  • laterally: biceps femoris
  • medially: semimembranosus and tendonosis
  • inferiorly: gastrocnemius
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35
Q

What is the venous drainage of the lower limb?

  • clinical relevance
A
  • Deep veins follow arteries
  • Two major superficial veins:
    • Great or long saphenous vein
    • Small or short saphenous vein
      • Drain dorsal venous arch of the foot
  • Varicose veins
    • Damage to valves in perforating veins leads to pooling of blood in superficial veins – varicosities
    • Perforating veins connect superficial to deep veins
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36
Q

The Great saphenous Vein

  • journey
  • drainage
A
  • from the dorsal venous arch it runs along the medial side of the leg and thigh
  • it pierces through the fascia lata, enters the femoral triangle to drain into the femoral vein
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37
Q

The Short saphenous Vein

  • journey
  • drainage
A
  • from the lateral venous arch, it runs along the posterior side of the leg
  • it pierces through the popliteal fascia
  • drains into the popliteal vein
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38
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the lower limbs

  • key nodes?
A
  • follows general pattern of superficial and deep veins
  • Superficial inguinal nodes
    • drain skin and superficial fascia of lower limb
  • Deep inguinal nodes
    • beside femoral vein
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39
Q

Where are the main dermatomes of the lower limb

  • L1-5, S1, S2
A
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40
Q

What movement does the knee allow?

  • where does it articulate?
  • what type of joint is it?
A
  • Synovial bicondylar hinge joint
    • it’s a fibrous joint capsule formed by network of tendons ligaments
  • allows Extension/ flexion of the leg
    • some rotation when flexed
  • Articulation between distal femur and proximal tibia (doesn’t include the fibula)
  • Articulation between the femur and patella
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41
Q

What factors strengthen the knee joint?

(2)-(3)

A

Bony factors

  • Bony expansions
  • Locking mechanism
  • Femoral angle

Soft tissue factors

  • Ligaments
  • Menisci
  • Muscles
42
Q

What are the bony expansions at the knee joint?

  • what are their role?
A
  • Epicondyles
  • Femoral condyles
  • Intercondylar fossa (posterior)
  • Tibial condyles (tibial plateau)
  • provides a stable base for bipedalism
43
Q

Explain the 3 contributing factors of the Locking Mechanism in the knee

  • what is the purpose of the locking mechanism
A

the locking mechanism reduces the amount of energy required when extended

  • Shape of femur
    • during flexion the femoral surface is round (movement)
    • during extension the femoral surface is flat (standing)
  • Rotation
    • medial rotation of the femur on tibia during extension tightens the ligaments at the knee
  • Centre of Gravity
    • the centre of gravity is in front of the knee which maintains extension (standing)
44
Q

Explain the Femoral angle and it’s clinical significance?

A
  • femur is abducted and brings the knee joint under the pelvis
  • there is an anatomical axis and mechanical axis that are at angles
    • the difference between the two is 15 degree slightly greater in women
  • they meet at the knee joint - this important for weight-bearing
45
Q

Explain what Varus deformity (Genu varum) is

A
  • Deformity in the angle between the femur and tibia
    • medial displacement of the tibia
  • it’s common in children under 2 when learning to walk and in rickets
  • it pushes knees apart - bow legged
    • decrease in the Q angle –> increases stress at knee joint
      • eventually results in joint degeneration
46
Q

Explain what Valgus deformity (Genu valgum) is

A
  • Deformity in the angle between the femur and tibia
    • lateral displacement of the tibia
  • it’s common in children age 2-4 (congenital) and in rickets and arthritis
  • it brings knees together knock-kneed
    • increase in the Q angle –> increases stress at knee joint
      • eventually results in joint degeneration
47
Q

What are the two groups of ligaments in the knee?

  • what is their role?
A
  • Extracapsular
    • Medial collateral
    • Lateral collateral
  • Intracapsular
    • Anterior cruciate
    • Posterior cruciate
  • provide stability
48
Q

Describe the Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament

  • structure
  • role
  • clinical significance
A
  • It’s an extracapsular ligament
    • from the lateral epicondyle to the fibular head
  • it’s a strong round cord that prevents medial displacement of tibia
  • a tear of the LCL can lead to varus deformity
49
Q

Describe the Medial (tibial) collateral ligament

  • structure
  • role
  • clinical significance
A
  • It’s an extracapsular ligament that reinforces the joint capsule
    • attaches from the medial epicondyle to the tibia
    • direct attachment to the medial miniscus
  • it’s a broad flat band that prevents lateral displacement of tibia
  • a tear of the MCL can lead to valgus deformity
50
Q

Label this diagram

  • what is it showing?
A

Intracapsular ligaments of the knee

51
Q

What is the function of the cruciate ligaments

A
  • Anterior cruciate
    • Prevents anterior displacement of tibia on femur
  • Posterior cruciate
    • Prevents posterior displacement of tibia on femur
  • maintains the femur against tibia; there is always one ligament tensing
52
Q

Describe the anatomy of the cruciate ligaments?

  • how does the flexed knee effect its positions
A
  • Posterior cruciate ligament
    • passes upward, forward and medially
  • Anterior cruciate ligament
    • passes upwards, backwards and laterally

With a flexed knee

  • Medial rotation of leg – tightens ligaments (limits rotation) (10deg)
  • Lateral rotation of leg – unwinds ligaments (~60deg)
53
Q

What is the clinical significance of the Anterior cruciate ligament?

  • tests?
A
  • Weaker - can become injured
    • Common sports injury (e.g. football)
    • Caused by sudden twisting of knee
  • Lachman test (variation of Drawer test):
    • Patient in supine position with knee bent 20-30degrees of flexion
    • Move tibia anteriorly and posteriorly while maintaining position of femur
    • Laxity during this manoeuvre indicates anterior cruciate ligament injury
54
Q

What is the clinical significance of the Posterior cruciate ligament?

  • role?
A
  • Stronger - Rarely injured
  • Principle stabilizer when knee flexed
    • especially when walking down hill
55
Q

What are the menisci of the knee joint?

  • what is their role?
A
  • Crescent-shaped plates of fibrocartilage
  • Deepen the articulating surfaces/stability
  • Shock absorbers
  • Provides smooth viscous film for joint
56
Q

What are the attachments of knee Menisci?

A
  • Horns of menisci attached to intercondylar area of tibia
    • Mobile (Accommodates rolling of femoral condyles)
  • Medial meniscus less mobile than lateral meniscus
    • this is because it’s attached directly to medial collateral ligament
57
Q

What is the Unhappy Triad

  • cause
  • structures affected
A
  • Twisting on a flexed knee and blow to lateral side
  • Contact sports (e.g. rugby tackle)
  • Rupture:
    • Anterior cruciate ligament
    • Medial collateral ligament
    • Medial meniscus (attached to MCL)
  • there is poor blood supply to the intracapsular structures –> slow repair
58
Q

What muscles act on the knee joint?

  • how?
A
  • the knee joint is reinforced by tendons from surrounding muscles and the iliotibial tract
  • Illiotibial tract
    • reinforces the joint capsule
    • stabilizes the extended knee
      • gluteus maximus, tensor fascia lata insert into this band and contract to stabilize the joint
59
Q

What extensor muscle(s) stabilize the knee?

  • action
A
  • Quadriceps
    • rectus femoris
    • Vastus lateralis
    • Vastus intermdius
    • Vastus medialis
      • oblique fibres of vastus medialis prevents lateral tracking of the patella
60
Q

Label this diagram

  • what does it show?
A

The Patella and the Extensor mechanism structures

61
Q

What is the Patella?

  • role?
A
  • Triangular-shaped sesamoid shaped
  • Protects quadriceps tendon from stresses during locomotion
  • Smooth oval facet on posterior surface which articulates with the femur
  • the Patellar retinaculum are aponeurotic expansions of the vastus laterlis and medialis
    • they help to stabilise the patella during locomotion
62
Q

What are the three main Extensor Mechanism Injury points?

A
  • Rupture of quadriceps tendon or patellar ligament
  • Fracture of the patella
    • due to fall or blow to the knee
    • results in loss of active extension
  • Dislocation of patella common
    • Due to sudden twisting/jumping or ligamentous laxity
63
Q

What are the Flexor muscle(s) that act on the knee joint?

A
  • Hamstrings and gastrocnemius flex leg
    • hamstring medially and laterally rotates the leg when the knee is flexed
  • Hamstrings muscles: form the borders of the popliteal fossa
    • Biceps femoris
    • Semimembranosus
      • gives off an oblique tendon which reinforces the joint capsule posteriorly
    • Semitendinosus
64
Q

How is an extended leg unlocked?

A
  • Popliteus unlocks knee joint
    • laterally rotates femur on tibia when the foot is on the ground
  • travels through the lateral collateral ligament before inserting the lateral epicondyles
65
Q

What is the Synovial membrane?

  • structure/anatomy
  • role
A
  • From margins of articular surfaces of femur to tibia
  • Attached to patella
  • Extends superiorly behind quadriceps tendon
  • Cuffs anterior surface of cruciate ligaments
66
Q

What is a Bursae?

  • role?
  • name 3
A
  • synovial fluid-filled sac lined by synovial membrane
  • provides protection and reduces friction
  • Suprapatellar bursa
    • extension of the synovial membrane (not a true bursa)
  • Prepatellar bursa
  • Infrapatellar bursa
  • there are many bursae associated with the knee they occur at tendon insertions
67
Q

What is Bursitis?

  • examples (2)
A
  • Inflammation of bursae
    • Due to repetitive movements or direct pressure
  • Prepatellar bursitis (‘housemaid’s knee’)
    • Seen in carpet fitters
    • leaning forward on the knees brings the prepatellar bursa in contact with the floor
  • Infrapatellar bursitis (‘clergyman’s knee’)
    • Seen in roofers
    • After prolonged periods of prayer clergymen sat back on their heels bringing infrapatellar bursa in contact with floor
68
Q

popliteal cyst

What is a Baker’s Cyst?

  • presentation
  • treatment
A
  • Abnormal fluid-filled sacs in the popliteal fossa
    • Due to herniation of bursa
  • Common in patients with chronic inflammatory joint disease (e.g. arthritis)
  • Presents as swelling in the popliteal fossa - very painful
  • Can affect joint movement
  • treated by
    • aspirin and cortisone injection
    • or aspiration of the fluid
69
Q

What is the Vascular supply of the knee?

A
  • The femoral artery and the popliteal artery give off branches that form an anastomosis around the knee know as genicular branches
  • limited blood supply to the intracapsular structures
    • poor repair following injury
70
Q

What are the three main functions of the foot?

A
  • Stability/standing (support body weight)
  • Locomotion/propulsion (acts as lever)
  • Shock absorption
71
Q

Label this diagram

A
72
Q

Label this diagram

A
73
Q

What are the movements of the foot?

(7)

A
  • Dorsiflexion/extension
  • Plantarflexion/flexion
  • Eversion/ Inversion
  • Abduction/adduction of toes
  • Supination/ Pronation
74
Q

What are the joints of the foot?

  • what movements do they allow?
A
  • Ankle joint: Dorsiflexion/ plantarflexion
  • Intertarsal joints: Invert/evert, Supinate/pronate
  • Metatarsophalangeal joints: Extension/flexion, Limited abduction/adduction
  • Interphalangeal joints: extension/flexion
75
Q

What structures make up the Ankle joint?

  • movement/ type of joint?
  • clinical
A
  • Articulation between the talus and tibia/fibula
    • trochlea, medial malleolus, lateral malleolus (respectively)
  • Synovial hinge joint
  • Allows dorsiflexion/plantarflexion
  • Stabilized by collateral ligaments
    • Lateral ligament – lateral malleolus to talus (red) /calcaneus (blue)
    • Medial/deltoid ligament – medial malleolus to talus/calcaneus/navicular (green)

Clinical: Injury to lateral ligament due to excessive inversion of foot (usually anterior talofibular ligament)

76
Q

What structures make up the subtalar joint?

  • movement
A
  • Between talus and calcaneus
  • Allows inversion/eversion during locomotion
77
Q

What structures make up the Transverse tarsal joint?

  • movement
  • clinical significance
A
  • Between Talus/Navicular and the Cuboid/Calcaneus bone
    • compound joint
  • Allows inversion/eversion and pronation supination
  • important for standing on uneven ground
78
Q

What are the functions of the arches of the foot?

A
  • Shock absorbers during locomotion
  • Act as springboards (propulsion)
  • Distribution of weight (to calcaneus + ball of foot)
79
Q

What makes up the longitudinal arches?

  • name both
  • clinical significance?
A
  • Lateral longitudinal arch (less defined)
  • Medial longitudinal arch
  • Supported by
    • long tendons,
    • intrinsic plantar muscles,
    • intrinsic ligaments and
    • plantar aponeurosis
  • Fallen medial longitudinal arch can lead to pes planus (flat feet)
    • Due to degeneration of ligaments or injury to tibialis posterior; also seen in children
80
Q

What makes up the transverse arches?

  • name both
A
  • Supported by long tendons
    • fibularis longus
      • from lateral side of the cuboid over the uniform bones to the medial side
    • tibialis posterior
81
Q

What is the Plantar aponeurosis?

  • clinical significance
A
  • Thickening of deep fascia that originates from the Calceneus
  • Protects underlying structures
  • Supports longitudinal arch
  • Plantar fasciitis (inflammation due to overuse; common in runners)
82
Q

What are the muscle compartments of the leg

  • nerve supply?
  • movement?
A
  • Anterior
    • Extend/invert foot
    • Deep fibular nerve
  • Posterior
    • Flex/invert foot
    • Tibial nerve
    • form the tendo calcaneus
  • Lateral
    • Evert foot
    • Superficial fibular nerve
83
Q

Label this diagram

  • where are these structures
  • movement?
  • what supplies this area?
A
  • the anterior compartment of the leg
  • dorsiflex and invert the foot
  • supplied by Deep fibular nerve
84
Q

Label this diagram

A
85
Q

What are the anterior compartment muscles and their tendon insertions on the foot?

A
  • Extensor digitorum longus
    • Middle + distal phalanges
  • Tibialis anterior
    • Medial cuneiform + 1st metatarsal
  • Extensor hallucis longus
    • Distal phalanx of great toe
86
Q

Label this diagram

  • where are these structures
  • movement?
  • what supplies this area?
A
  • the Superficial layer of posterior compartment of the leg
  • plantarflex foot and leg
  • supplied by Tibial nerve
  • all the muscles insert into the calcaneal tuberosity and fuse to form the tendon calcaneus
87
Q

Label this diagram

  • where are these structures
  • movement?
  • what supplies this area?
A
  • the Deep layer of the posterior compartment of the leg
  • plantarflex and invert the foot
  • supplied by Tibial nerve
88
Q

What are the posterior compartment muscles and their tendon insertions on the foot?

A
  • Flexor digitorum longus
    • Distal phalanges
  • Tibialis posterior
    • Medial cuneiform + navicular
  • Flexor hallucis longus
    • Distal phalanx of great toe
89
Q

Label this diagram

A
90
Q

Label this diagram

  • where are these structures
  • movement?
  • what supplies this area?
A
  • the Lateral compartment of the leg
  • everts the foot
  • supplied by superficial fifibular nerve
91
Q

Label this diagram

A
92
Q

What are the Lateral compartment muscles and their tendon insertions on the foot?

A
  • Fibularis longus
    • Medial cuneiform + 1st Metatarsal
  • Fibularis brevis
    • base of the 5th metatarsal
93
Q

Review the long tendons of the foot

  • what other structures are important
A
94
Q

Review the intrinsic muscles of the foot

(only for familiarity)

A
95
Q

Label this diagram

  • what area is it supplying?
A
  • posterior compartment of the leg
  • the Popliteal artery splits as it passes through the soleus muscle
    • anterior and posterior branch
96
Q

tom dick and harry

What forms the Tarsal Tunnel?

  • what is the contents of the tarsal tunnel
A
  • on the medial side of the foot, formed by the flexor retinaculum

Contents (anterior to posterior)

  • Tibialis posterior
  • Flexor digitorum longus
  • Posterior tibial artery/ vein
    • pulse
  • Tibial nerve
  • Flexor hallicus longus
97
Q

Label this diagram

A
98
Q

Label this diagram

  • where is this structure found?
  • clinical significance?
A
  • Anterior compartment
  • the Anterior tibial artery passes through the extensor retinaculum and becomes the dorsalis pedis
  • Pulse can be taken look for the extensor hallucis tendon to find it
99
Q

Label this diagram

  • what does this structure supply? (motor sensory)
  • clinical significance?
A
  • Motor: Posterior compartment of leg + plantar Intrinsic muscles
  • Sensory: Plantar surface of foot
  • Tarsal tunnel syndrome (compression of tibial nerve)
    • burning sensation on the foot made worse when they are standing
100
Q

Label this diagram

  • what does this structure supply? (motor/sensory)
  • clinical significance?
A
  • Deep
    • Motor: Anterior compartment of leg + dorsal intrinsic muscles
    • Sensory: Skin between toes 1 and 2
  • Superficial
    • Motor: Lateral compartment of leg
    • Sensory: Skin on dorsum of foot + anterior leg
  • Trauma to common fibular nerve (foot drop)
    • ​blow to the lateral side of the leg
    • loss of dorsiflexion muscles of the foot
101
Q

What is the nerve supply to the leg?

A
  • supplied by the terminal branches of the Sciatic nerve
    • ​Tibial - posterior
    • Common fibular
      • ​Deep fibular- anterior compartment
      • Superficial fibular - lateral compartment
102
Q

Label this diagram

  • what does it show
  • what about the sole of foot?
A
  • cutaneous of the leg
  • Medial/Lateral plantar tibial nerves supply the sole of foot

204: Theme 2 (7 decks)

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