Anatomy of the Limbs Flashcards
What are the compartments of the upper limb?
- Pectoral girdle
- Intrinsic shoulder
- Anterior upper arm
- Posterior upper arm
- Anterior forearm
- Posterior forearm
- Intrinsic hand
What are the compartments of the lower limb?
- Hip abductors
- Hip extensors
- Hip flexors
- Anterior thigh
- Medial thigh
- Posterior thigh
- Anterior leg
- Lateral leg
- Posterior leg
- Intrinsic foot
Where does the axillary artery form?
When the subclavian artery leaves the clavicle and enters the axilla
How does the brachial artery form?
When the axillary artery leaves the axilla and enters the upper arm
What arteries does the brachial artery divide into at the level of the elbow?
Ulnar artery
Radial artery
What does the radial artery supply?
Lateral/radial aspect of the forearm and arm
What does the ulnar artery supply?
Medial/ulnar aspect of the forearm
What is the main branch of the ulnar artery?
Common interosseous artery which divided into anterior and posterior branches
Where do the ulnar and radial arteries meet again?
Via an anastomosis in the hand at the palmar carpal arch and the dorsal palmar arch.
These arches give of metacarpal arteries and digital arteries to supply the fingers
What does the superficial system of venous drainage of the upper limb consist of?
Cephalic vein
Basilic vein
They arise from the dorsal venous arch on the back of the hand
What are the two venous pathways of the deep system of venous drainage of the upper limb?
Deep forearm veins- which pass from the forearm and drain into the basilica vein
Venae comitanates- pass alongside the brachial artery in the upper arm and drain into the axillar vein
What are the actions and segmental supplies of the shoulder?
Abduction (C5)
Adduction (C6/7/8)
External rotation (C5)
Internal rotation (C6/C7/8)
What are the actions and segmental supplies of the elbow?
Flexion (C5/6)
Extension (C7/8)
What are the actions and segmental supplies of the forearm?
Supination (C6)
Pronation (C7/8)
What are the actions and segmental supplies of the wrist?
Flexion (C6/7)
Extension (C6/7)
What are the actions and segmental supplies of the long tendons to the hand?
Flexion (C7/8)
Extension (C7/8)
From where is innervation of the upper limbs derived?
Brachial plexus
This is derived from the anterior rami of C5-T1 spinal nerves
From where is innervation of the lower limbs derived?
Lumbo-sacral plexus
This is derived from the anterior rami of the lumbar and sacral spinal nerves
What are the three bones within the shoulder and upper arm?
Scapula (posterior)
Clavicle (anterior)
Humerus (long bone of the upper arm)
What is the acromioclavicular joint?
The articulation of the scapular with the lateral (acromial) end of the clavicle
What is the conoid tubercle?
A distinct tuberosity of the inferior surface of the lateral third of the clavicle. It is the site of attachment for the coraclavicular ligament
What are the three processes of the scapula?
Acromion
Spine
Coracoid
What are the 2 surfaces of the scapula?
Costal
Posterior
What marks the lateral angle of the scapula?
The glenoid fossa
This articulates with the head of the humerous
Where does the long head of the triceps muscle attach to the scapula?
Infraglenoid tubercle
Where does the long head of the biceps muscle attach to the scapula?
Supraglenoid tubercle
What divides the posterior surface of the scapula?
The spine
Divides into the supraspinous fossa and infraspinous fossa
What characterises the costal surface of the scapula?
Subscapular fossa
What does the proximal end of the humerus consist of?
Head Anatomical neck Greater tubercle Lesser tubercle Surgical neck Superior half of the shaft of the humerus
What are the 3 facets on the greater tubercle on the proximal end of the humerus?
Superior facet- attachment of the supraspinatus muscle
Middle facet- attachment of the infraspinatus muscle
Inferior fact- attachment of teres minor
What separates the greater and lesser tubercles?
Deep intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove)
What attaches to the bicipital groove?
- Pectoralis major attaches to lateral lip
- Teres major attaches to the medial lip
- Latissimus dorsi attaches to the floor of the groove
What 3 joints make up the shoulder complex?
Sternoclavicular
Acromioclavicular
Glenohumera
What is the function of the snernoclavicular joint?
Allow movement of the pectoral girdle, acting as the only connection of the upper limb to the chest
What reinforces the joint capsule which surrounds the acromioclavicular joint?
Acromioclavicular ligament
Coraclavicular ligament (trapezoid ligament and conoid ligament)
Coracoacromial ligament
