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Year 2: LCRS > Anatomy of the Limbs > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Limbs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the compartments of the upper limb?

A
  • Pectoral girdle
  • Intrinsic shoulder
  • Anterior upper arm
  • Posterior upper arm
  • Anterior forearm
  • Posterior forearm
  • Intrinsic hand
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2
Q

What are the compartments of the lower limb?

A
  • Hip abductors
  • Hip extensors
  • Hip flexors
  • Anterior thigh
  • Medial thigh
  • Posterior thigh
  • Anterior leg
  • Lateral leg
  • Posterior leg
  • Intrinsic foot
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3
Q

Where does the axillary artery form?

A

When the subclavian artery leaves the clavicle and enters the axilla

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4
Q

How does the brachial artery form?

A

When the axillary artery leaves the axilla and enters the upper arm

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5
Q

What arteries does the brachial artery divide into at the level of the elbow?

A

Ulnar artery

Radial artery

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6
Q

What does the radial artery supply?

A

Lateral/radial aspect of the forearm and arm

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7
Q

What does the ulnar artery supply?

A

Medial/ulnar aspect of the forearm

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8
Q

What is the main branch of the ulnar artery?

A

Common interosseous artery which divided into anterior and posterior branches

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9
Q

Where do the ulnar and radial arteries meet again?

A

Via an anastomosis in the hand at the palmar carpal arch and the dorsal palmar arch.
These arches give of metacarpal arteries and digital arteries to supply the fingers

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10
Q

What does the superficial system of venous drainage of the upper limb consist of?

A

Cephalic vein
Basilic vein
They arise from the dorsal venous arch on the back of the hand

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11
Q

What are the two venous pathways of the deep system of venous drainage of the upper limb?

A

Deep forearm veins- which pass from the forearm and drain into the basilica vein
Venae comitanates- pass alongside the brachial artery in the upper arm and drain into the axillar vein

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12
Q

What are the actions and segmental supplies of the shoulder?

A

Abduction (C5)
Adduction (C6/7/8)
External rotation (C5)
Internal rotation (C6/C7/8)

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13
Q

What are the actions and segmental supplies of the elbow?

A

Flexion (C5/6)

Extension (C7/8)

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14
Q

What are the actions and segmental supplies of the forearm?

A

Supination (C6)

Pronation (C7/8)

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15
Q

What are the actions and segmental supplies of the wrist?

A

Flexion (C6/7)

Extension (C6/7)

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16
Q

What are the actions and segmental supplies of the long tendons to the hand?

A

Flexion (C7/8)

Extension (C7/8)

17
Q

From where is innervation of the upper limbs derived?

A

Brachial plexus

This is derived from the anterior rami of C5-T1 spinal nerves

18
Q

From where is innervation of the lower limbs derived?

A

Lumbo-sacral plexus

This is derived from the anterior rami of the lumbar and sacral spinal nerves

19
Q

What are the three bones within the shoulder and upper arm?

A

Scapula (posterior)
Clavicle (anterior)
Humerus (long bone of the upper arm)

20
Q

What is the acromioclavicular joint?

A

The articulation of the scapular with the lateral (acromial) end of the clavicle

21
Q

What is the conoid tubercle?

A

A distinct tuberosity of the inferior surface of the lateral third of the clavicle. It is the site of attachment for the coraclavicular ligament

22
Q

What are the three processes of the scapula?

A

Acromion
Spine
Coracoid

23
Q

What are the 2 surfaces of the scapula?

A

Costal

Posterior

24
Q

What marks the lateral angle of the scapula?

A

The glenoid fossa

This articulates with the head of the humerous

25
Q

Where does the long head of the triceps muscle attach to the scapula?

A

Infraglenoid tubercle

26
Q

Where does the long head of the biceps muscle attach to the scapula?

A

Supraglenoid tubercle

27
Q

What divides the posterior surface of the scapula?

A

The spine

Divides into the supraspinous fossa and infraspinous fossa

28
Q

What characterises the costal surface of the scapula?

A

Subscapular fossa

29
Q

What does the proximal end of the humerus consist of?

A 
Head 
Anatomical neck 
Greater tubercle 
Lesser tubercle 
Surgical neck 
Superior half of the shaft of the humerus
30
Q

What are the 3 facets on the greater tubercle on the proximal end of the humerus?

A

Superior facet- attachment of the supraspinatus muscle
Middle facet- attachment of the infraspinatus muscle
Inferior fact- attachment of teres minor

31
Q

What separates the greater and lesser tubercles?

A

Deep intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove)

32
Q

What attaches to the bicipital groove?

A
  • Pectoralis major attaches to lateral lip
  • Teres major attaches to the medial lip
  • Latissimus dorsi attaches to the floor of the groove
33
Q

What 3 joints make up the shoulder complex?

A

Sternoclavicular
Acromioclavicular
Glenohumera

34
Q

What is the function of the snernoclavicular joint?

A

Allow movement of the pectoral girdle, acting as the only connection of the upper limb to the chest

35
Q

What reinforces the joint capsule which surrounds the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Acromioclavicular ligament
Coraclavicular ligament (trapezoid ligament and conoid ligament)
Coracoacromial ligament

Year 2: LCRS (8 decks)

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