Anatomy of the kidney Flashcards

1
Q

What is reflux nephropathy?

A

Incompetant vesicoureteric junction - on voiding urine passes up ureter. On completion of voiding urine returns to bladder. Risk of stagnation of infection - pyelonephritis, injury and scarring. CKD.

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2
Q

What is the clinical presentation of reflux nephropathy?

A

Child with - fever of unknown origin, fails to meet develomental milestones (bedwetting).

Treatment - prophylactic antibiotics.

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3
Q

What are the anatomical findings of reflux nephropathy?

A

Irregular renal outline, clubbed calyces, cortical scars, dilated ureter and incompetant valve.

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4
Q

What would you suspect if you found haematuria in a person under 45 years?

A

Glomerulonephritis (inflammation in glomerulus) - refer renal physician.

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5
Q

What would you suspect if you saw haematuria in a patient older than 45 years?

A

Supect lesion - refer to urologist.

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6
Q

What are the clinical features of nephrotic syndrome?

A

Proteinuria, hypoalbuminaemia, oedema and hypercholesterolaemia.

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7
Q

What is the aetiology of nephrotic syndrome?

A

Injury to the epithelial foot processes of the nephron - minimal change disease (children), membranous nephropathy, amyloid, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

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