Anatomy of the kidney Flashcards
What is reflux nephropathy?
Incompetant vesicoureteric junction - on voiding urine passes up ureter. On completion of voiding urine returns to bladder. Risk of stagnation of infection - pyelonephritis, injury and scarring. CKD.
What is the clinical presentation of reflux nephropathy?
Child with - fever of unknown origin, fails to meet develomental milestones (bedwetting).
Treatment - prophylactic antibiotics.
What are the anatomical findings of reflux nephropathy?
Irregular renal outline, clubbed calyces, cortical scars, dilated ureter and incompetant valve.
What would you suspect if you found haematuria in a person under 45 years?
Glomerulonephritis (inflammation in glomerulus) - refer renal physician.
What would you suspect if you saw haematuria in a patient older than 45 years?
Supect lesion - refer to urologist.
What are the clinical features of nephrotic syndrome?
Proteinuria, hypoalbuminaemia, oedema and hypercholesterolaemia.
What is the aetiology of nephrotic syndrome?
Injury to the epithelial foot processes of the nephron - minimal change disease (children), membranous nephropathy, amyloid, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis