Anatomy of the Human Body Flashcards
What is Anatomy?
study of structure
anatomists study relationships between parts of body + structure of individual organs
What is Physiology
study of function of body structures
Note: structure and function cannot be completely separated
special relationship exists between anatomy and physiology
Levels of organisation?
Chemical - cellular - tissue - organ - organ system - organismal
Digestive system:
Representative organs or tissues?
Functions?
stomach, intestines, liver
ingestion and processing
of foodstuffs for
distribution and use by
cells, elimination of waste
Cardiovascular system:
Representative organs or tissues?
Functions?
heart, blood vessels, blood
transport of materials
between cells
Respiratory system:
Representative organs or tissues?
Functions?
lungs, airways
exchange of oxygen and
carbon dioxide between
internal and external
environments
Musculoskeletal system:
Representative organs or tissues?
Functions?
skeletal muscles, bones
support and movement
Integumentary system:
Representative organs or tissues?
Functions?
skin
protection from external
environment
Urinary system:
Representative organs or tissues?
Functions?
kidneys, bladder
maintaining water and
solute balance, elimination
of some waste
Nervous system:
Representative organs or tissues?
Functions?
brain, spinal cord
coordination of body
function through electrical
signals and release of
regulatory molecules
Endocrine system:
Representative organs or tissues?
Functions?
pituitary, thyroid and
adrenal glands
coordination of body
function through synthesis
and release of regulatory
molecules
Immune system:
Representative organs or tissues?
Functions?
thymus, spleen, lymph
nodes
defence against foreign
invaders
Reproductive system:
Representative organs or tissues?
Functions?
ovaries & uterus, testes
perpetuation of the
species
Coronal plane?
an imaginary plane dividing the body into dorsal and ventral (front and back) parts.
slices through everything, from head to toe
frontal planes are parallel
Transverse plane?
an imaginary plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts
slices through forearms and waist
axial planes are parallel
Sagittal plane?
an imaginary plane that divides the body into right and left halves
slices thru from head to genitals
medial planes are parallel
superficial
nearer to surface
the muscles of the arm are superficial to its bone (humerus)
intermediate
between a superficial and a deep structure
the biceps muscle is intermediate between the skin and the humerus
deep
farther from surface
the humerus is deep to the arm muscles
medial
nearer to median plane
the 5th digit (little finger) is on the medial side of the hand
lateral
farther from median plane
the 1st digit (thumb) is on the lateral side of the hand
posterior (dorsal)
nearer to back
the heel is posterior to the toes
anterior (ventral)
nearer to front
the toes are anterior to the ankle
superior (cranial)
nearer to head
the heart is superior to the stomach
inferior (caudal)
nearer to feet
the stomach is inferior to the heart
proximal
nearer to trunk or point of origin eg of a limb
the elbow is proximal to the wrist
distal
farther from trunk or point of origin eg of a limb
the wrist is distal to the elbow
Two main body regions?
Axial region - includes head, neck, and trunk which comprise the main vertical axis of our body
Appendicular region - limbs or appendages attached to the body’s axis
What are the major body cavities?
cranial cavity vertebral canal thoracic cavity abdominal cavity pelvic cavity
