Anatomy of the Human Body

Question 1

What is Anatomy?

Answer 1

study of structure

anatomists study relationships between parts of body + structure of individual organs

Question 2

What is Physiology

Answer 2

study of function of body structures

Note: structure and function cannot be completely separated
special relationship exists between anatomy and physiology

Question 3

Levels of organisation?

Answer 3

Chemical - cellular - tissue - organ - organ system - organismal

Question 4

Digestive system:
Representative organs or tissues?
Functions?

Answer 4

stomach, intestines, liver

ingestion and processing
of foodstuffs for
distribution and use by
cells, elimination of waste

Question 5

Cardiovascular system:
Representative organs or tissues?
Functions?

Answer 5

heart, blood vessels, blood

transport of materials
between cells

Question 6

Respiratory system:
Representative organs or tissues?
Functions?

Answer 6

lungs, airways

exchange of oxygen and
carbon dioxide between
internal and external
environments

Question 7

Musculoskeletal system:
Representative organs or tissues?
Functions?

Answer 7

skeletal muscles, bones

support and movement

Question 8

Integumentary system:
Representative organs or tissues?
Functions?

Answer 8

skin

protection from external
environment

Question 9

Urinary system:
Representative organs or tissues?
Functions?

Answer 9

kidneys, bladder

maintaining water and
solute balance, elimination
of some waste

Question 10

Nervous system:
Representative organs or tissues?
Functions?

Answer 10

brain, spinal cord

coordination of body
function through electrical
signals and release of
regulatory molecules

Question 11

Endocrine system:
Representative organs or tissues?
Functions?

Answer 11

pituitary, thyroid and
adrenal glands

coordination of body
function through synthesis
and release of regulatory
molecules

Question 12

Immune system:
Representative organs or tissues?
Functions?

Answer 12

thymus, spleen, lymph
nodes

defence against foreign
invaders

Question 13

Reproductive system:
Representative organs or tissues?
Functions?

Answer 13

ovaries & uterus, testes
perpetuation of the
species

Question 14

Coronal plane?

Answer 14

an imaginary plane dividing the body into dorsal and ventral (front and back) parts.

slices through everything, from head to toe

frontal planes are parallel

Question 15

Transverse plane?

Answer 15

an imaginary plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts

slices through forearms and waist

axial planes are parallel

Question 16

Sagittal plane?

Answer 16

an imaginary plane that divides the body into right and left halves

slices thru from head to genitals

medial planes are parallel

Question 17

superficial

Answer 17

nearer to surface

the muscles of the arm are superficial to its bone (humerus)

Question 18

intermediate

Answer 18

between a superficial and a deep structure

the biceps muscle is intermediate between the skin and the humerus

Question 19

deep

Answer 19

farther from surface

the humerus is deep to the arm muscles

Question 20

medial

Answer 20

nearer to median plane

the 5th digit (little finger) is on the medial side of the hand

Question 21

lateral

Answer 21

farther from median plane

the 1st digit (thumb) is on the lateral side of the hand

Question 22

posterior (dorsal)

Answer 22

nearer to back

the heel is posterior to the toes

Question 23

anterior (ventral)

Answer 23

nearer to front

the toes are anterior to the ankle

Question 24

superior (cranial)

Answer 24

nearer to head

the heart is superior to the stomach

Question 25

inferior (caudal)

Answer 25

nearer to feet

the stomach is inferior to the heart

Question 26

proximal

Answer 26

nearer to trunk or point of origin eg of a limb

the elbow is proximal to the wrist

Question 27

distal

Answer 27

farther from trunk or point of origin eg of a limb

the wrist is distal to the elbow

Question 28

Two main body regions?

Answer 28

Axial region - includes head, neck, and trunk which comprise the main vertical axis of our body

Appendicular region - limbs or appendages attached to the body’s axis

Question 29

What are the major body cavities?

Answer 29

cranial cavity
vertebral canal
thoracic cavity
abdominal cavity
pelvic cavity