Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK > Anatomy of the hip > Flashcards

Anatomy of the hip Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 articulations of the hip bones

A

sacroiliac joint
hip joint
pubic symphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the three parts of the hip bone and how are they separated in a child

A

ilium
pubis
ischium
separated by triradiate cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where does the iliac crest extend from and to

A

anterior superior iliac spine to posterior superior iliac spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what bones does the pubis consist of

A

pubic body- articulates with the opposite pubic body at the symphysis
superior pubic ramus- extends laterally from the pubic body to the acetabulum
inferior pubic ramus- extends laterally from the pubic body and joins with the inferior ischial ramps forming the ischiopubic ramps.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how is the obturator foramen formed and what passes through it

A

enclosing of superior and inferior rami forms the obturator foramen
the obturator nerve, artery and vein pass through this

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what ligaments attach to the ischium

A

Sacrospinous ligament – runs from the ischial spine to the sacrum, thus creating the greater sciatic foramen through which lower limb neurovasculature (including the sciatic nerve) transcends.
Sacrotuberous ligament – runs from the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity, forming the lesser sciatic foramen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the cartilage around acetabulum called and what type of cartilage is it

A

acetabulum labrum

fibrocartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the role of acetabulum labrum

A

deepens the acetabulum providing a more secure fit for femoral head
increases articular contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what type of cartilage covers the acetabulum and the head of the femur

A

hyaline cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the intracapsular ligament of the hip joint

A

ligamentum teres ( ligament of the head of the femur)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the extra capsular ligaments of the hip joint

A

iliofemoral, ischiofemoral, pubofemoral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the strongest ligament in the body

A

iliofemoral ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the role of the iliofemoral ligament

A

when standing screws the head of the femur into the acetabulum and prevents hyperextension of the hip
when seated it becomes relaxed permitting the pelvis to tilt back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the roles of the pubofemoral ligament

A

prevent abduction and extension of the hip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the role of the ischiofemoral ligament

A

prevents excessive medial rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what factors increase stability of the hip joint

A 
cup-shaped acetabulum 
acetabulum labrum deepening the acetabulum 
the capsule 
ligament teres 
extra capsular ligaments 
muscles around hip joint
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is Hiltonj’s law

A

the nerves supplying the muscles moving the joint also supply the joint capsule and the skin overlying the insertions of these muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

which nerves innervate the hip joint

A

Sciatic nerve posteriorly
fermoral nerve anteriorly
obturator nerve inferiorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the blood supply of the femoral head and neck

A

extracpsular arterial ring made from the medial femoral circumflex artery and the lateral femoral circumflex artery
the ligament teres also contains within it the artery of the ligament teres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the difference between a child and adult in terms of blood supply to femoral head and neck

A

in a child the artery of the ligamentum teres is the major blood supply to femoral head but after epiphyseal fusion the major blood supply is the medial femoral circumflex artery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the major branches of the lumbosacral plexus and their root values

A

ilioinguinal - L1
genitofemoral - L1,L2
Lateral femoral cutaneous- `L2,L3
obturator- anterior divisions of L2,L3,L4
femoral - posterior divisions of L2,L3,L4
I get leftovers on Fridays

22
Q

what is the function of the ilioinguinal nerve

A

innervates skin of genitalia and the upper medial thigh

23
Q

what is the role of the genitofemoral nerve

A

divides into genital branch and femoral branch

femoral branch innervates the skin on the upper anterior thigh

24
Q

what is the role of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

A

sensory function from anterolateral thigh to knee

25
Q

role of obturator nerve

A

innervates the skin over the medial thigh and is the nerve of the medial compartment of the thigh

26
Q

what is the role of the femoral nerve

A

nerve of anterior compartment of leg

innervates skin of anterior thigh and the medial leg

27
Q

what are the major branches of the sacral plexus and their root values

A 
superior gluteal L4,L5,S1
inferior gluteal L5,S1,S2
sciatic L4,L5,S1,S2,S3
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve S1,S2,S3
Pudendal - don't need to know now
28
Q

what does the superior gluteal nerve innervate

A

leaves the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen and enters the gluteal region above the piriformis muscle.
accompanied by the superior gluteal artery and vein
Innervates the gluteus minimus, gluteus medius and tensor fascia lata.

29
Q

what does the inferior gluteal nerve innervate

A

leaves pelvis via greater sciatic foramen but enters the gluteal region below the piriformis.
accompanied by inferior gluteal artery and vein.
only innervates gluteus maximus

30
Q

what does the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve innervate

A

leaves the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen blow the piriformis muscle
innervates the skin of the posterior thigh and leg.

31
Q

which structure passes through the lesser sciatic foramen

A

tendon of obturator internus

nerve of obturator internus

32
Q

what does the sciatic nerve branch into and where

A

tibial nerve and common fibula nerve at the superior end of the popliteal fossa

33
Q

where should you administer injections in gluteal region

A

dorsogluteal injection site in children between the ages of 3-7
ventrogluteal injection sit for 7-adult

34
Q

what is the deep fascia of the thigh called

A

fascia lata

35
Q

how is the thigh split into compartments

A

anterior
medial
posterior

36
Q

what is the saphenous opening and why is it there

A

opening in the fascia late below the inguinal ligament
entry point for saphenous vein (which drains into the femoral vein) and for lymphatic vessels which drain into the superficial inguinal lymph nodes

37
Q

how does the iliotibial tract help stabilise the knee

A

by tightening the iliotibial tract in standing position tensor fascia late and gluteus Maximus help to stabilise the knee by steadying the condyles of the femur on the articular surfaces of the tibia

38
Q

how can muscles in the gluteal region be divided?

A

Superficial abductors and extenders-abduct and extend the femur. Includes the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fascia lata.
Deep lateral rotators-laterally rotate the femur. Includes the quadratus femoris, piriformis, gemellus superior, gemellus inferior and obturator internus.

39
Q

arterial supply to gluteal muscles

A

via superior and inferior gluteal arteries (branches of internal iliac artery)

40
Q

gluteus maximus: attachments, action , innervation

A

Attachments: Originates from the gluteal (posterior) surface of the ilium, sacrum and coccyx.then inserts into the iliotibial tract and the gluteal tuberosity of the femur
actions -extends thigh and lateral rotation.
innervation -inferior gluteal nerve

41
Q

gluteus medius: attachments, actions , innervation

A

attachment:Originates from the gluteal surface of the ilium and inserts into the lateral surface of the greater trochanter.
Actions: Abducts and medially rotates the lower limb.
Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve.

42
Q

gluteus minimus:attachments, actions, innervation

A

Attachments: Originates from the ilium and converges to form a tendon, inserting to the anterior side of the greater trochanter.
Actions: Abducts and medially rotates the lower limb.
Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve.

43
Q

what does a superior gluteal nerve injury cause and how does it come about

A

superior guteal nerve supplies gluteus medius and minimus so injury leads to weakness in abducting the thigh at the hip.
can be caused by hip surgery, injections to the buttock, fractures of the greater trochanter and dislocation of the hip joint
positive tredelenburg sign- when standing on injured limb pelvis drops on unsupported side.

44
Q

piriformis: attachments, innervation, action

A

attachment:originates from anterior surface of sacrum then goes through greater sciatic foramen and onto greater trochanter of femur
action: Lateral rotation and abduction.
Innervation: Nerve to piriformis.

45
Q

Obturator Internus: attachments, actions, innervation

A

Attachments: Originates from the pubis and ischium at the obturator foramen. It travels through the lesser sciatic foramen, and attaches to the greater trochanter of the femur.
Actions: Lateral rotation and abduction.
Innervation: Nerve to obturator internus.

46
Q

The Gemelli: attachments, actions, innervation

A

two narrow and triangular muscles, separated by the obturator internus tendon.
attachment:supeiror gemellus from ischial spine and inferior gemellus from ischial tuberosity. both insert to greater trochanter of femur
Actions: Lateral rotation and abduction.
Innervation: The superior gemellus muscle is innervated by the nerve to obturator internus, the inferior gemellus is innervated by the nerve to quadratus femoris.

47
Q

Quadratus Femoris: attachments, innervation, action

A

attachment- from lateral aspect of ischial tuberosity and inserts onto the quadrate tubercle
action- lateral rotation of thigh
innervation -nerve to quadrates femoris

48
Q

obturator externus: attachments, innervation, action

A

originates from external surface of obturator membrane passes posterior to the neck of the femur and inserts onto the posterior aspect of the greater trochanter
adduction and lateral rotation of the thigh
innervation - obturator nerve

49
Q

what are the hamstrings

A

biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus

50
Q

biceps femoris : attachments, innervation, action

A

has two heads, long and short
long head originates from ischial tuberosity of pelvis
short head originates from lines aspera on posterior surface of the femur.
two heads form a common tendon which inserts into the head of the fibula
flexes the knee
extends thigh at the hip
laterally rotates the hip and knee
long head innervated by tibial part of sciatic nerve and short head is innervated by common perineal (common fibular) part of sciatic nerve

51
Q

semitendinosus: attachments, innervation, action

A

originates from ischial tuberosity and inserts on the upper medial aspect of the tibia
flexes the leg at the knee joint
extends the thigh at the hip
medially rotates the thigh at the hip joint and medially rotates the leg at the knee joint
tibial part of sciatic nerve

52
Q

semimembranosus: attachments, innervation, action

A 
originates from ischial tuberosity and inserts on the medial tibial condyle
flex leg at knee joint 
extends thigh at the hip
medially rotates thigh at hip 
medially rotates leg at knee 
tibial part of sciatic nerve

MSK (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions