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Ophthalmology > Anatomy of the globe > Flashcards

Anatomy of the globe Flashcards

1
Q

What is the thinnest skin in the body

A

The eyelid skin.

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2
Q

What does the bony cavity of the orbit represent?

A

A pyramid of four walls that converge posteriorly

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3
Q

What is the volume of the orbit cavity in adults?

A

Approximately 30mls.

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4
Q

Which part of the eye occupies 1/5 of the orbit space?

A

The eyeball.

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5
Q

What is the function of the peri orbital fat?

A

It offers a cushion

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6
Q

What is the anterior limit of the orbit cavity called?

A

Orbital Septum.

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7
Q

What bone structures make up the roof of the orbit?

A

The orbital plate of the frontal bone and the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone.

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8
Q

Which wall of the orbit is the thickest and strongest?

A

The lateral wall.

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9
Q

What are the main components of the fibrous layer of the globe?

A

Cornea and Sclera.

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10
Q

What are the main components of the vascular layer of the globe?

A

Choroid coat, Ciliary Body (Ciliary muscle, Ciliary process), and Iris.
Flashcard 11:

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11
Q

What structure forms the beginning of the optic nerve?

A

The optic disc

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12
Q

How many axons compose the optic nerve?

A

Approximately 1.2 million axon

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13
Q

What are the five layers of the cornea

A

Epithelium
Bowman’s layer
Stroma
Descemet’s membrane
Endothelium

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14
Q

What are the main components of the sclera

A

it is opaque and tough, contributing to 5/6 of the outermost coat and bordered by the limbus.

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15
Q

What part of the eye is responsible for nourishment?

A

The uveal tract, which includes the Iris, Ciliary Body, and Choroid

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16
Q

What muscles are involved in opening and closing the eyelid?

A

Orbicularis oculi (closes the eyelid, innervated by CN 7) and Levator palpabrae superioris (opens the eyelid, innervated by superior division of CN 3).

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17
Q

Which muscle is the shortest Extraocular Muscle (EOM)?

A

The inferior oblique muscle.

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18
Q

What artery is the main supplier to the globe

A

The ophthalmic artery

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19
Q

What are the two groups of lymphatics in the eyelids?

A

A medial group that drains into the submandibular lymph nodes and a lateral group that drains into the superficial preauricular lymph nodes.

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20
Q

What are the two systems of the lacrimal apparatus?

A

The secretory system and the excretory system.

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21
Q

What is the average diameter of the eye?

A

Approximately 2.5 cm in diameter

22
Q

What is the average axial length of the globe?

A

24 mm (range 21–26 mm)

23
Q

What is the average horizontal length of the globe?

A

Approximately 23.5 mm.

24
Q

How much of the globe’s circumference does the cornea form?

A

The cornea forms one-sixth of the circumference of the globe.

25
Q

What is the radius of curvature of the sclera

A

11.5 mm.

26
Q

What is the radius of curvature of the cornea?

A

7.8 mm

27
Q

What are the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the cornea?

A

12 mm horizontally and 11 mm vertically.

28
Q

How thick is the choroid on average?

A

0.25 mm

29
Q

What is the diameter of the optic disc?

A

1.5mm

30
Q

How many layers does the retina have?

A

The retina has ten layers.

31
Q

What is the first (outermost) layer of the retina?

A

Retinal pigment epithelium.

32
Q

What is the second layer of the retina?

A

Photoreceptor layer (rods and cones).

33
Q

What is the third layer of the retina.

A

External limiting membrane

34
Q

What is the fourth layer of the retina?

A

Outer nuclear layer (cell bodies of rods and cones).

35
Q

What is the sixth layer of the retina?

A

Inner nuclear layer (cell bodies of bipolar cells, horizontal cells, and amacrine cells).

36
Q

What is the fifth layer of the retina?

A

Outer plexiform layer (synapses between photoreceptors and bipolar cells).

37
Q

What is the seventh layer of the retina?

A

Inner plexiform layer (synapses between bipolar cells and ganglion cells).

38
Q

What is the eighth layer of the retina?

A

Ganglion cell layer (cell bodies of ganglion cells).

39
Q

What is the ninth layer of the retina?

A

Nerve fiber layer (axons of ganglion cells).

40
Q

What is the tenth (innermost) layer of the retina?

A

Internal limiting membrane.

41
Q

What is the optic canal and what are its contents?

A

The optic canal is a foramen in the orbital apex that transmits the optic nerve (CN II) and the ophthalmic artery.

42
Q

Which cranial nerves pass through the superior orbital fissure?

A

The superior orbital fissure transmits the oculomotor nerve (CN III), trochlear nerve (CN IV), the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V1), and the abducens nerve (CN VI).

43
Q

What is the significance of the inferior orbital fissure?

A

The inferior orbital fissure allows passage of the maxillary nerve (a branch of CN V2) and the infraorbital vessels.

44
Q

What does the foramen rotundum transmit?

A

The foramen rotundum transmits the maxillary nerve (CN V2).

45
Q

Which structures pass through the optic canal?

A

The optic canal transmits the optic nerve (CN II) and the ophthalmic artery.

46
Q

What passes through the superior orbital fissure?

A

The superior orbital fissure transmits the oculomotor nerve (CN III), trochlear nerve (CN IV), the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V1), abducens nerve (CN VI), and superior ophthalmic vein.

47
Q

What is the function of the inferior orbital fissure?

A

The inferior orbital fissure transmits the infraorbital nerve, zygomatic nerve, branches of the maxillary nerve (CN V2), and infraorbital vessels.

48
Q

Where is the foramen rotundum located and what does it transmit?

A

The foramen rotundum is located in the sphenoid bone and transmits the maxillary nerve (CN V2).

49
Q

What are the contents of the optic canal?

A

The optic canal contains the optic nerve (CN II) and the ophthalmic artery.

50
Q

Name the cranial nerves that pass through the superior orbital fissure.

A

The superior orbital fissure transmits the oculomotor nerve (CN III), trochlear nerve (CN IV), the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V1), and the abducens nerve (CN VI).

Ophthalmology (16 decks)

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