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Surgery Shelf > Anatomy of the GI Tract > Flashcards

Anatomy of the GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the mnemonic for retroperitoneal structures?

A

SAD PUCKER

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2
Q

What does SAD PUCKER stand for?

A 
Suprarenal (adrenal glands)
Aorta and IVC
Duodenum (2nd-4th parts)
Pancreas (except tail)
Ureters
Colon (except transverse)
Kidneys
Esophagus (thoracic portion)
Rectum (partially)
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3
Q

What are the 3 main anterior-pointing branches of the abdominal aorta?

A
  1. Celiac
  2. SMA
  3. IMA
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4
Q

What level is the celiac artery?

A

T12

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5
Q

What level is the SMA?

A

L1

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6
Q

What level is the IMA?

A

L3

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7
Q

What 3 arteries branch out laterally at T12?

A
  1. Inferior phrenic
  2. Superior suprarenal
  3. Middle suprarenal
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8
Q

What 3 arteries branch out at the level of L1?

A
  1. Inferior suprarenal
  2. Renal
  3. Gonadal
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9
Q

Where does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into the R&L common iliacs?

A

L4 “Bifourcation”

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10
Q

What are the 3 branches of the celiac trunk?

A
  1. Hepatic
  2. Splenic
  3. L gastric
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11
Q

What can posterior duodenal ulcers do that is dangerous?

A

Penetrate the gastroduodenal artery, causing hemorrhage

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12
Q

What can anterior duodenal ulcers do that is dangerous?

A

Perforate into the anterior abdominal cavity, leading to pneumoperitoneum

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13
Q

What’s the definition of a hernia?

A

A protrusion of peritoneum through an opening, usually at a site of weakness

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14
Q

What are two complications of hernias?

A
  1. Incarceration (not reducible back in)

2. Strangulation

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15
Q

What’s a sliding hiatal hernia?

A

The gastroesophageal junction is displaced upward “hourglass stomach”

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16
Q

What’s a paraesophageal hernia?

A

Fundus protrudes into the thorax

17
Q

What’s the path of an indirect inguinal hernia?

A
  • Internal (deep) ring lateral to inferior epigastric vessels
  • External (superficial) ring
  • Into the scrotum
18
Q

Which type of hernia is often in INfants owing to failure of processus vaginalis to close?

A

INdirect

19
Q

What’s the path of a direct inguinal hernia?

A
  • Hesselbach triangle
  • Parietal peritoneum medial to inferior epigastric vessels but lateral to the rectus abdominus
  • External (superficial) ring ONLY
20
Q

What fascia is usually weak in older men, leading to direct inguinal hernias?

A

Transversalis fascia

21
Q

What 3 things make up Hesselbach’s triangle?

A
  1. Inferior epigastric vessels
  2. Lateral border of rectus abdominus
  3. Inguinal ligament
22
Q

What are the 4 parts of the stomach?

A
  1. Cardia
  2. Fundus
  3. Body
  4. Antrum
23
Q

Where is the pyloric sphincter?

A

Between the stomach and duodenum

24
Q

Where are carbs absorbed?

A

Stomach

25
Q

Where is iron absorbed?

A

Duodenum

“Iron dude”

26
Q

Where is folate absorbed?

A

Entire small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum)

“small bowl makes a fool”

27
Q

Where is B12 absorbed?

A

Terminal ileum

28
Q

What 2 structures form the common bile duct?

A
  1. Cystic duct

2. Common hepatic duct

29
Q

What other structure joins the common bile duct before entering the duodenum?

A

The pancreatic duct

30
Q

What ampulla does the common bile duct enter the duodenum through?

A

The ampulla of Vater

31
Q

What sphincter surrounds the ampulla of Vater?

A

The sphincter of Oddi

32
Q

What are the 4 anatomical parts of the gallbladder?

A
  1. Fundus
  2. Body
  3. Infundibulum
  4. Neck
33
Q

Which artery supplies the gallbladder?

A

Cystic artery

34
Q

What is the cystic artery a branch of?

A

The R hepatic artery

35
Q

What hormone coordinates release of bile and gallbladder contraction + relaxation of sphincter of Oddi?

A

CCK

36
Q

What is cholangitis?

A

Ascending infection of the bile ducts

37
Q

What’s the Charcot triad of cholangitis?

A
  1. Fever
  2. Jaundice
  3. RUQ pain

Surgery Shelf (4 decks)

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