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Gastroenterology > Anatomy of the GI System > Flashcards

Anatomy of the GI System Flashcards

1
Q

Which vertebral levels does the oesophagus level lie at?

A

Cricoid cartilage (C6) to cardiac sphincter/orifice (T11)

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2
Q

Which vertebral level does the oesophagus begin at?

A

C6

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3
Q

Which vertebral level does the oesophagus end at?

A

C11

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4
Q

At which vertebral level does the oesophagus pierce the diaphragm?

A

C10

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5
Q

Outline the layers of the Oesophagus

A

MSMA

Mucosa = NK SSE

Submucosa

Muscularis propria: Ext. Longitudinal (1/3 skeletal –> 1/3 smooth muscle) + Inner circular

Adventitia = outer CT layer (as not intraperitoneal)

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6
Q

What type of epithelium is present in the Oesophagus?

A

Non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

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7
Q

What are the 3 layers of the external longitudinal muscle present in the oesophagus?

A
  • Superior 1/3 = voluntary, striated (skeletal)
  • Middle 1/3 = voluntary striated + smooth muscle
  • Inferior 1/3 = smooth muscle
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8
Q

How many regions of the oesophagus are there? What are they? State the vertebral levels of each.

A

3 regions

  • Cervical (C6-T1)
  • Thoracic (T1-T9)
  • Abdominal (T10)
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9
Q

State the two sphincter of the oesophagus.

A

UOS (C6) = anatomical sphincter at pharyngooesophageal junction

LOS (T11) = physiological sphincter at gastro-oesophageal junction

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10
Q

What is the vertebral level of the UOS?

A

UOS (C6)

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11
Q

What is the vertebral level of the LOS?

A

LOS (T11)

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12
Q

State the oesophageal constrictions.

A

ABCD

  • Arch of aorta
  • Bronchus (L)
  • Cricoid cartilage
  • Diaphragmatic hiatus (T10)
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13
Q

Outline the blood supply to the oesophagus.

A
  • Oesophageal branch of Inferior Thyroid Artery (Fr. Thyrocervical Trunk)
  • Oesohageal arteries (Fr. Thoracic aorta)
  • Left Gastric artery
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14
Q

Outline the venous drainage of the oesophagus.

A

Oesophageal veins (into inferior thyroid vein, azygous, hemi-azygous and accessory azygous)

Left gastric vein (into portal vein)

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15
Q

Outline the innervation of the oesophagus

A

Oesophageal plexus (SNS + PSNS)

Cervical region:
Cervical sympathetic trunk
Recurrent laryngeal nerve (CN X)

Thoracic region:
Sympathetic trunk
Vagus nerve (L + R trunks)

Abdominal region: 
T5-T12 spinal nerves
Vagus Nerve (L + R trunks)
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16
Q

Outline the lymphatic drainage of the oesophagus.

A

Deep cervical nodes

Para-tracheal nodes

Posterior mediastinal nodes

Thoracic duct

Coeliac lymph nodes

17
Q

What is the stomach?

A

intraperitoneal, abdominal J-shaped digestive organ which is present at vertebral levels T11-L1, beginning at the cardiac orifice (T11) and ending at the pyloric canal (L1)

18
Q

Outline the main functions of the stomach.

A

Digestion

HCl secretion

Hormone secretion

IF production

19
Q

Outline the 4 regions of the stomach

A

Fundus

Cardia

Body

Pylorus

20
Q

At what vertebral level does the stomach begin and end?

21
Q

Which sphincters control influx and efflux of gastric contents.

A

Cardiac sphincter (LOS) at T11

Pyloric sphincter at L1

22
Q

What point does contiguous epithelia of the oesophagus and stomach transition?

A

SSE to SCE at T11

23
Q

State the anatomical feature of the stomach permitting distension.

A

Rugae (mucosal folds)

24
Q

Draw the stomach. Include the main anatomical features.

A

Drawing must show:

  • Cardiac sphincter
  • Fundus
  • Cardia
  • Body
  • Pylorus
  • Pyloric sphincter
  • Greater curvature
  • Lesser curvature
  • Cardiac notch
25
Q

Outline the arterial blood supply to the stomach. Give the origins of each vessel.

A

Right Gastric Artery (CHA)
Left Gastric Artery (CT)

Right Gastro-omental artery (GDA)
Left Gastro-omental artery (SA)

26
Q

Draw out the arterial supply of the stomach.

A

Right Gastric Artery (CHA)
Left Gastric Artery (CT)

Right Gastro-omental artery (GDA)
Left Gastro-omental artery (SA)

27
Q

Outline the venous drainage of the stomach.

A

Drain to HPV:
Right Gastric Vein
Left Gastric Vein

Drain to SMV:
Short Gastric Vein
Right GO Vein
Left GO Vein

28
Q

Outline the innervation of the stomach.

A
  • Anterior + Posterior Vagal Trunks (CN X) (PSNS)

* Greater Splanchnic Nerve (T6-T9)

29
Q

Outline the lymphatic drainage of the stomach.

A

Gastri LN
Gasto-omental LN

Both drain to:
Coeliac LN

30
Q

What are the vertebral levels of the SI?

31
Q

What are the 4 parts of the duodenum?

A

Superior (L1)

Descending (L1-3)

Inferior (L3)

Ascending (L3-L2)

32
Q

What junction marks the end of the small intestine?

A

Ileocaecal junction (L4)

33
Q

What part of the duodenum curves around the head of the pancreas?

A

Descending Duodenum (L1-L3)

34
Q

A cancer of the Pancreatic head is most likely to compress which region of the Duodenum?

A

Descending Duodenum (L1-L3)

35
Q

Which region of the duodenum crosses the IVC and Aorta?

A

Inferior (L3)

36
Q

The ascending duodenum is suspended by which ligament?

A

Ligament of Treitz

37
Q

Appendicitis detected by which internally and externally rotating the hips when the knee is flexed at 90º is known as what sign?

A

Obturator Sign

38
Q

Appendicitis detected by right hip extension and relieved by right hip flexion when lying on the side is known as what?

A

Psoas sign

39
Q

State 3 main differences between the Jejunum and Ileum.

A

Jejunum:

  • Dark red
  • Thick wall
  • Greater vascularity
  • Long vasa recta
  • Fewer Arcades
  • Numerous plicae circulares

Ileum:

  • Paler pink
  • Thin wall
  • Less vascularity
  • Short vasa recta
  • Mire Arcades
  • Fewer plicae circulares

Gastroenterology (4 decks)

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