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TAS Opthalmology > Anatomy of the EYe > Flashcards

Anatomy of the EYe Flashcards

1
Q

What is the axial length of the eye at birth?

A

Around 17mm

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2
Q

What is the adult axial length of the eye?

A

22mm

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3
Q

By what age is the adult axial length of the eye reached?

A

5 years

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4
Q

During what time period does the globe grow particularly rapidly?

A

The first 6 months

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5
Q

What is the volume of the neonatal eye?

A

Approximately 2.8cm^3

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6
Q

What is the volume of the adult eye?

A

7cm^3

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7
Q

By how much does orbital volume increase in the first year of life?

A

It doubles

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8
Q

What is the orbital volume dependent on?

A

The globe

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9
Q

What are the segments of the eye?

A
  • Anterior

- Posterior

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10
Q

What does the anterior segment of the eye contain?

A
  • Conjunctiva
  • Episclera and externally visible portion of the sclera
  • Cornea
  • Anterior chamber
  • Iris
  • Lens
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11
Q

What does the posterior segment of the eye contain?

A
  • Vitreous cavity
  • Retina
  • Retinal pigment epithelium
  • Choroid
  • Posterior sclera
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12
Q

What blood vessels supply the eye and surrounding structures?

A
  • Opthalmic artery
  • Central retinal artery
  • Posterior ciliary arteries
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13
Q

What is the opthalmic artery a branch of?

A

The internal carotid artery

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14
Q

What does the opthalmic artery supply?

A
  • Eyelids

- Orbit

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15
Q

What is the central retinal artery a branch of?

A

The opthalmic artery

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16
Q

How does the central retinal artery enter the eye?

A

Via the optic nerve head

17
Q

What does the central retinal artery supply?

A

The inner layers of the retina

18
Q

What additional structure does the central retinal artery supply in the fetus?

19
Q

How does the central retinal artery supply the lens in the fetus?

A

Via the hyaloid artery system

20
Q

What are the posterior ciliary arteries derived from?

A

The opthalmic artery

21
Q

What do the posterior ciliary arteries supply?

A

The retinal pigment epithelium and the outer layer of the retina, including the photoreceptors

22
Q

How do the posterior ciliary arteries supply the RPE and out layer of the retina?

A

They anastomose within the choroid

23
Q

What is the role of the blood-ocular barrier?

A

To protect the eye from toxic substances

24
Q

What is the blood-ocular barrier formed from?

A
  • Blood-retina barrier

- Blood-aqueous barrier

25
Q

How is the blood-retina barrier maintained?

A

Tight junctions in the retinal capillary bed and between retinal pigment epithelial cells

26
Q

How is the blood-aqueous barrier maintained?

A

By tight junctions of the ciliary epithelial cells

27
Q

What can break down the blood-ocular barrier?

A

Inflammation

TAS Opthalmology (9 decks)

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