Anatomy of the CVS Flashcards

1
Q

ventral

A

anterior

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2
Q

dorsal

A

posterior

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3
Q

cranial, rostral

A

superior

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4
Q

caudal

A

inferior

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5
Q

median

A

midline/midsaggital

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6
Q

coronal plane

A

frontal plane

cut from ear to toes

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7
Q

sagittal plane

A

median plane

from head to toes from front to back of head

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8
Q

axial plane

A

transverse/horizontal plane

plane cut from hand to hand

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9
Q

parasagittal

A

vertical anterior to posterior slice not in midline

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10
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

fibroserous sac surrounding the heart and great vessels

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11
Q

What is the innermost layer of the pericardium?

A

endocardium
1 cell thick
interface between heart and blood

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12
Q

2nd layer out of pericardium?

A

myocardium
thick layer of cardiac muscle cells
thicker on L than R to push through bigger distance

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13
Q

3rd layer out of pericardium?

A

serous layers that are secretory and provide lubrication between heart and fibrous membrane

3 = visceral pericardium that is proximal, adheres to heart

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14
Q

4th layer out of pericardium?

A

pericardial space containing pericardial fluid (lubrication)

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15
Q

5th layer out of pericardium?

A

parietal pericardium
faces pericardial space
support

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16
Q

6th layer of pericardium?

A

fibrous tissue
protect heart
keep heart in position

17
Q

What is the mediastinum?

A

space containing heart and pericardium

each pleural cavity on either side

18
Q

Which valve is on the right?

A

tricuspid valve

19
Q

Which valve is on the left?

A

mitral valve

20
Q

2 cusps of the mitral valve?

A

posterior, anterior

21
Q

3 cusps of the tricuspid valve?

A

anterior, posterior, septal

22
Q

3 cusps of the pulmonary valve/aortic valve?

A

right
left
anterior/posterior
ALL ARE SEMILUNAR CUSPS

23
Q

What are the 3 branches of the aortic arch from L to R?

A

brachiocephalic trunk
left common carotid artery
left subclavian artery

24
Q

What does the BC trunk bifurcate into?

A

right subclavian artery to the body

right common carotid artery to the head

25
What is the outermost layer 1 of blood vessels?
tunica externa mostly collagen protection fix to other structures
26
2nd layer?
external elastic lamina
27
3rd layer?
tunica media smooth muscle elastic tissue collagen
28
4th layer?
internal elastic lamina
29
5th layer?
tunica intima vascular endothelium basement supporting matrix
30
What are arteries?
conduit vessels | carry blood from on location to another
31
What are arterioles?
resistance vessels | control flow into capillary beds
32
What are capillaries?
exchange vessels gas exchange absorption secretion
33
What are veins?
capacitance venules | contain majority of blood at given time (70%)
34
Which 2 vessels do not have 3 tunica layered structure?
capillaries | venules
35
Where do coronary arteries originate?
just above aortic valve right coronary artery - just above right cusp of aortic valve left coronary artery - just above left cusp of aortic valve
36
What does each branch of coronary circulation do?
perfuse a different area of the myocardium
37
What variation is there in the aortic arch?
some people have a left brachiocephalic trunk
38
What do most veins do?
converge and coalesce into the vena cava