Anatomy of the CVS Flashcards
ventral
anterior
dorsal
posterior
cranial, rostral
superior
caudal
inferior
median
midline/midsaggital
coronal plane
frontal plane
cut from ear to toes
sagittal plane
median plane
from head to toes from front to back of head
axial plane
transverse/horizontal plane
plane cut from hand to hand
parasagittal
vertical anterior to posterior slice not in midline
What is the pericardium?
fibroserous sac surrounding the heart and great vessels
What is the innermost layer of the pericardium?
endocardium
1 cell thick
interface between heart and blood
2nd layer out of pericardium?
myocardium
thick layer of cardiac muscle cells
thicker on L than R to push through bigger distance
3rd layer out of pericardium?
serous layers that are secretory and provide lubrication between heart and fibrous membrane
3 = visceral pericardium that is proximal, adheres to heart
4th layer out of pericardium?
pericardial space containing pericardial fluid (lubrication)
5th layer out of pericardium?
parietal pericardium
faces pericardial space
support
6th layer of pericardium?
fibrous tissue
protect heart
keep heart in position
What is the mediastinum?
space containing heart and pericardium
each pleural cavity on either side
Which valve is on the right?
tricuspid valve
Which valve is on the left?
mitral valve
2 cusps of the mitral valve?
posterior, anterior
3 cusps of the tricuspid valve?
anterior, posterior, septal
3 cusps of the pulmonary valve/aortic valve?
right
left
anterior/posterior
ALL ARE SEMILUNAR CUSPS
What are the 3 branches of the aortic arch from L to R?
brachiocephalic trunk
left common carotid artery
left subclavian artery
What does the BC trunk bifurcate into?
right subclavian artery to the body
right common carotid artery to the head
What is the outermost layer 1 of blood vessels?
tunica externa
mostly collagen
protection
fix to other structures
2nd layer?
external elastic lamina
3rd layer?
tunica media
smooth muscle
elastic tissue
collagen
4th layer?
internal elastic lamina
5th layer?
tunica intima
vascular endothelium
basement supporting matrix
What are arteries?
conduit vessels
carry blood from on location to another
What are arterioles?
resistance vessels
control flow into capillary beds
What are capillaries?
exchange vessels
gas exchange
absorption
secretion
What are veins?
capacitance venules
contain majority of blood at given time (70%)
Which 2 vessels do not have 3 tunica layered structure?
capillaries
venules
Where do coronary arteries originate?
just above aortic valve
right coronary artery - just above right cusp of aortic valve
left coronary artery - just above left cusp of aortic valve
What does each branch of coronary circulation do?
perfuse a different area of the myocardium
What variation is there in the aortic arch?
some people have a left brachiocephalic trunk
What do most veins do?
converge and coalesce into the vena cava
