Anatomy of the CVS

Question 1

ventral

Answer 1

anterior

Question 2

dorsal

Answer 2

posterior

Question 3

cranial, rostral

Answer 3

superior

Question 4

caudal

Answer 4

inferior

Question 5

median

Answer 5

midline/midsaggital

Question 6

coronal plane

Answer 6

frontal plane

cut from ear to toes

Question 7

sagittal plane

Answer 7

median plane

from head to toes from front to back of head

Question 8

axial plane

Answer 8

transverse/horizontal plane

plane cut from hand to hand

Question 9

parasagittal

Answer 9

vertical anterior to posterior slice not in midline

Question 10

What is the pericardium?

Answer 10

fibroserous sac surrounding the heart and great vessels

Question 11

What is the innermost layer of the pericardium?

Answer 11

endocardium
1 cell thick
interface between heart and blood

Question 12

2nd layer out of pericardium?

Answer 12

myocardium
thick layer of cardiac muscle cells
thicker on L than R to push through bigger distance

Question 13

3rd layer out of pericardium?

Answer 13

serous layers that are secretory and provide lubrication between heart and fibrous membrane

3 = visceral pericardium that is proximal, adheres to heart

Question 14

4th layer out of pericardium?

Answer 14

pericardial space containing pericardial fluid (lubrication)

Question 15

5th layer out of pericardium?

Answer 15

parietal pericardium
faces pericardial space
support

Question 16

6th layer of pericardium?

Answer 16

fibrous tissue
protect heart
keep heart in position

Question 17

What is the mediastinum?

Answer 17

space containing heart and pericardium

each pleural cavity on either side

Question 18

Which valve is on the right?

Answer 18

tricuspid valve

Question 19

Which valve is on the left?

Answer 19

mitral valve

Question 20

2 cusps of the mitral valve?

Answer 20

posterior, anterior

Question 21

3 cusps of the tricuspid valve?

Answer 21

anterior, posterior, septal

Question 22

3 cusps of the pulmonary valve/aortic valve?

Answer 22

right
left
anterior/posterior
ALL ARE SEMILUNAR CUSPS

Question 23

What are the 3 branches of the aortic arch from L to R?

Answer 23

brachiocephalic trunk
left common carotid artery
left subclavian artery

Question 24

What does the BC trunk bifurcate into?

Answer 24

right subclavian artery to the body

right common carotid artery to the head

Question 25

What is the outermost layer 1 of blood vessels?

Answer 25

tunica externa
mostly collagen
protection
fix to other structures

Question 26

2nd layer?

Answer 26

external elastic lamina

Question 27

3rd layer?

Answer 27

tunica media
smooth muscle
elastic tissue
collagen

Question 28

4th layer?

Answer 28

internal elastic lamina

Question 29

5th layer?

Answer 29

tunica intima
vascular endothelium
basement supporting matrix

Question 30

What are arteries?

Answer 30

conduit vessels

carry blood from on location to another

Question 31

What are arterioles?

Answer 31

resistance vessels

control flow into capillary beds

Question 32

What are capillaries?

Answer 32

exchange vessels
gas exchange
absorption
secretion

Question 33

What are veins?

Answer 33

capacitance venules

contain majority of blood at given time (70%)

Question 34

Which 2 vessels do not have 3 tunica layered structure?

Answer 34

capillaries

venules

Question 35

Where do coronary arteries originate?

Answer 35

just above aortic valve
right coronary artery - just above right cusp of aortic valve
left coronary artery - just above left cusp of aortic valve

Question 36

What does each branch of coronary circulation do?

Answer 36

perfuse a different area of the myocardium

Question 37

What variation is there in the aortic arch?

Answer 37

some people have a left brachiocephalic trunk

Question 38

What do most veins do?

Answer 38

converge and coalesce into the vena cava