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First Year med - dundee > Anatomy of the cell > Flashcards

Anatomy of the cell Flashcards

1
Q

which cells have the most water

A

embryonic

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2
Q

what determines that shape and fluidity of a cell

A

the cytoskeleton

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3
Q

other structures within the membrane which may or may not be bound by membrane are called

A

inclusions

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4
Q

what does the plasma membrane do

A

separates the cytoplasm from the outside environment

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5
Q

the plasma membrane is a bimolecular layer of what type of phospholipid molecules

A

amphipathic

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6
Q

the plasma membrane contains which type of proteins

A

integral

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7
Q

what can these integral proteins contain/be

A

receptors/channels/transporters/enzymes/cell attachment proteins

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8
Q

the cell has the ability to transport material in and out through the cell membrane. In and Out have terms called…

A

exocytose and endocytose

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9
Q

the cell membrane is selectively permeable and allows what through it?

A

Water and oxygen

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10
Q

the cell membrane is selectively permeable and does not allow what through it?

A

Impermeable charged ions such as Na+

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11
Q

membrane proteins can diffuse ………in the cell membrane

A

Laterally

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12
Q

however, many proteins are not distributed equally within the cell membrane. why.

A

because some proteins are anchored

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13
Q

The Plasmalemma (plasma membrane) has what type of appearance

A

trilaminar

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14
Q

inclusions are dispensable and may only be present as

A

transients

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15
Q

what do inclusions represent

A

components that have been synthesized by the cell itself of taken up from the extracellular environment (endocytotic vesicle)

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16
Q

the cytoskeleton definition

A

filamentous cytosolic proteins

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17
Q

How many classes of filaments are there

A

3

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18
Q

name the 3 classes of filaments

A

microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules

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19
Q

microfilaments are how big

A

7 nanometers in diameter

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20
Q

what are microfilaments composed of

A

the protein actin

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21
Q

what can the actin molecules do in microfilaments

A

they can assemble into filaments and later dissociate

22
Q

how big are intermediate filaments

A

greater than 10 nanometers in diameter

23
Q

what are intermediate filaments composed of

A

6 main proteins which differ in the different cell types

24
Q

what do intermediate filaments do

A

bind intracellular elements together and to the plasma membrane

25
Q

how big are microtubules

A

25 nanometers in diameter

26
Q

what are microtubules composed of

A

hollow tubules made of 2 types tubulin proteins

27
Q

what are the 2 types of tubulin

A

alpha and beta alternatives

28
Q

where do they originate from

A

the centrosome

29
Q

can the assemble or de-assembe

A

both

30
Q

what do microtubules also contain

A

stabilizing proteins called microtubules associated proteins (MAPs)

31
Q

what else do microtubules serve as

A

a ‘motorway’

32
Q

what 2 proteins attach to the microtubules

A

Dynein and Kinesin

33
Q

Dynein is an ATPase that moves which direction?

A

toward the cell center

34
Q

Kinesin is an ATPase that moves which direction?

A

away from the cell center

35
Q

what are Intracellular junctions

A

specialized membrane structures which link individual cells together into a functional unit

36
Q

where are intracellular junctions the most prominent

A

epithelial cells

37
Q

how many types of intracellular junctions are there

A

3

38
Q

name the 3 types of intracellular junctions there are

A

Occluding, anchoring and communicating junctions

39
Q

what do occluding junctions do

A

link cells to form a diffusion barrier

40
Q

what are they also known as

A

tight junctions or zonula occludens

41
Q

anchoring junctions provide and do what

A

provide mechanical strength and link submembrane actin bundles of adjacent cells

42
Q

anchoring junctions are also called

A

zonula adherens

43
Q

anchoring junctions have transmembrane molecules that bind to each other in the extracellular space and to actin of the cytoskeleton. what is this molecule called?

A

Cadherin

44
Q

there are also anchoring junctions called desmosomes which…?

A

link submembrane intermediate filaments of adjacent cells

45
Q

anchoring junctions desmosomes are also called

A

macula adherens

46
Q

Communicating Junctions allow what

A

selective diffusion of molecules between adjacent cells

47
Q

Communicating Junctions are also called

A

Gap junctions

48
Q

in Communicating Junctions each junction is a circular patch studded with…..

A

hundreds of pores

49
Q

pores of Communicating Junctions are produced by what protein

A

connexon proteins

50
Q

Communicating Junctions are found in the epithelia but also

A

smooth muscle and cardiac muscle

51
Q

close association of several types of junctions found in certain types of epithelial tissue are called

A

Junctional Complex

First Year med - dundee (4 decks)

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