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LSS-anatomy of thorax > Anatomy of the breast > Flashcards

Anatomy of the breast Flashcards

1
Q

what are breasts?

A

It is a modified apocrine sweat gland

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2
Q

what is the breast made of?

A

It is made of:

  • fat
  • glandular tissue
  • fibrous tissue
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3
Q

What marks the base of the breast?

A

Rib 2 - Rib 6 (midclavicular line)

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4
Q

where does the breast parenchyma extend?

A

Extends in the anterior axillary fold as the axillary tail of spence.

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5
Q

What muscles underlie the breast?

A

Pectoralis Major

Laterally: Serratus Anterior + External Oblique

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6
Q

What subunits are the breast made of? How many of them are there?

A

Ductal Lobular Units - 15-20 of them, each draining into a main duct

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7
Q

How many milk ducts are there in the breast?

A

4-18

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8
Q

What is interspersed between the ductal lobular units?

A

FAT

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9
Q

What structures divide the breast?

A

Fibrous septae - Suspensory ligaments of Cooper

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10
Q

what supplies blood to the breasts?

A

Branches of the lateral thoracic artery, internal thoracic artery, thoracoacromial artery, thoracodorsal artery and intercostal arteries.

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11
Q

what supplies the breast skin?

A

The skin is supplied by the subdermal plexus which communicates with the deep parenchymal vessels.

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12
Q

what supplies the nipple-areola?

A

The nipple-areola receives a branch from the internal thoracic artery in most cases.

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13
Q

Is the upper part of a cranio-caudal mammogram the lateral or medial side?

A

Lateral

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14
Q

What can breast cancer cause that appears as white streaks following the ducts?

A

Microcalcification

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15
Q

What happens if the tumour interferes with the suspensory ligaments of Cooper?

A

Tethering of the skin

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16
Q

Describe the blood supply to the breast.

A 
Rich blood supply with branches from: 
Internal thoracic artery 
Lateral thoracic artery 
Thoraco-dorsal artery 
Thoraco-acromial artery 
Intercostal arteries
17
Q

What nerves are mainly involved in providing sensory innervation to the breast?

A

Anteromedial and anterolateral branches of intercostal nerves T3-T5

18
Q

What nerve supplies the nipple?

A

Lateral cutaneous branch of the intercostal nerve T4

19
Q

How are benign lumps different to breast cancer?

A

They are smooth and longer than they are tall in the longitudinal plane

20
Q

Where does the lymph from the superficial and deep parts of the breast initially drain to?

A

Superficial - subareolar plexus

Deep - submammary plexus

21
Q

Where does it then drain to from here?

A

Axillary group of pectoral lymph nodes

22
Q

When using dye to identify the sentinal lymph node, two blobs can appear on the X ray. What is the large blob usually caused by?

A

Bigger blob is probably the site of injection of the dye

23
Q

When using dye to identify the sentinal lymph node, two blobs can appear on the X ray. What is the large blob usually caused by?

A

Bigger blob is probably the site of injection of the dye

24
Q

describe the 3 ways of the venous drainage breast?

A

3 principle groups of veins

  1. Perforating branches of the internal mammary vein
  2. Tributaries of the axillary vein
  3. Perforating branches of the posterior intercostal veins
25
Q

where is the innervation of the nipple?

how is the breast innervated

A

Dominant supply from the lateral cutaneous banch of T4.

Principally through the lateral and anterior cutaneous branches of the 2nd through 6th intercostal nerves

26
Q

what are the arrangments of the lymph nodes on the breast?

A

T1, T2, and T3.

27
Q 
what is the lymphatic drainage breast and the axilla.
Medially
Laterally
Anteriorly
Posteriorly
A
  • Medially: Serratus Anterior over 1st 4 ribs
    Laterally: Intertubercular groove of humerus & Biceps tendon, & Coracobrachialis
    Anteriorly: Pectoralis Major & Minor
  • Posteriorly: Teres Major, Subscapularis + tendon Latissimus Dorsi
28
Q

what is lymphoedema and what causes this and what does this cause?

A
  • Removal of lymph nodes through surgeries
  • 2-3 years after patients get lymphoedema
  • Abnormal, generalized or regional accumulation of protein rich interstitial fluid
  • Oedema formation and change in tissue architecture
  • causes fat accumulation and scarring
29
Q

What is axillary reverse mapping?

A
  • way to prevent lymphodema of the hands
  • Aims to identify and preserve nodes and/or lymphatics draining from the arm during ALND, thereby minimizing arm lymphedema

Reverse mapping – blue dye, radioisotope or ICG

30
Q

congential abnormalities of the breast

A

Underdevelopment or absence of one breast (may coexist with muscle/ribcage anomaly) – *Poland syndrome

Accessory nipples (polythelia) absent nipples (athelia)

Accessory breast tissue

Tubular breast defomity

LSS-anatomy of thorax (10 decks)

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