Anatomy of the autonomic nervous system Flashcards
What does the ANS connect
The central nervous system and peripheral organs
How is the ANS a two neurone system
Has the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
What is the main neurotransmitter involved in the ANS
Acetylcholine
What is the nerve connection in the parasympathetic nervous system
- Long lightly myelinated pre gang
- Ach
- Post ganglionic nerve
- Ach
Where does the parasympathetic nerve target
Salivary gland, GI tract, heart, acid secreting cells, digestive cells and the bladder
What is the nerve connection in the sympathetic nervous system towards the arteries, heart, tissues and liver
- Short lightly myelinated pre ganglionic nerve
- Ach
- Post ganglionic nerve
- Noradrenaline
What is the nerve connection in the sympathetic nervous system towards the sweat gland
- Short lightly myelinated pre ganglionic nerve
- Ach
- Post ganglionic nerve
- Ach
What is the nerve connection in the sympathetic nervous system towards the adrenal gland
Medium length lightly myelinated pre ganglionic nerve > Ach > Post ganglionic nerve > Ach
Where are parasympathetic nerves situated
At the top and bottom of the spine
Cranial nerve III connects to
The pupil, the oculomotor nerve
Cranial nerve VII connects to
The submaxillary, sublingual and lacrimal glands, the facial nerve
Cranial nerve IX connects to
The parotid glands that form saliva, the glossopharyngeal nerve
Cranial nerve X connects to
The heart, kidneys, bronchi and GI tract to colon, the vagus nerve
Sacral nerves connect to
The remainder of the GI tract, bladder and genitalia
Where are sympathetic nerves situated
The middle of the spine
What is the superior cervical paravertebral ganglia responsible for
Pupil, facial glads and head circulation
What is the middle and inferior paravertebral ganglia responsible for
Heart and lungs
What is the remaining paravertebral ganglia responsible for
Sweat glands, pilomotor (hair) muscles and blood vessels of skeletal muscle and skin
what is the prevertebral ganglia responsible for
The GI tract
How is the heart rate slowed down
If the vagus nerve stimulates the pace maker sino-atrial node and the atrioventricular node
How is the heart rate sped up
If the sympathetic nerves stimulates the sino-atrial, atrioventricular node and the ventricles
What tissues in the body can only be stimulated by sympathetic nerves
Blood vessels and sweat glands
What tissues in the body can only be stimulated by parasympathetic nerves
Bronchial smooth muscle and ciliary muscle of the eye
What is a NANC transmitter
A non-adrenergic non-cholinergic transmitter
What NANC transmitter can cause vasoconstriction and how
ATP and neuropeptide Y (NYP) is co-released with noradrenaline at the post-ganglionic sympathetic neurone
What NANC transmitter can cause dilation and where
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) for salivary glands and bronchial smooth muscle
What NANC transmitter causes an erection and how
Nitric oxide (NO) released through the parasympathetic pelvic nerves
