Anatomy of Resp System

Question 1

Purpose of the respiratory system

Answer 1

Oxygenate and ventilate

Question 2

What type of blood does the pulmonary artery carry?

Answer 2

Deoxygenated

Question 3

What type of blood does the pulmonary vein carry?

Answer 3

Oxygenated

Question 4

What is the vallecula?

Answer 4

Space anterior to root of epiglottis at root on tongue

Question 5

Where is the larynx anatomically located?

Answer 5

o Adult – 3rd-6th cervical vertebrae
o At birth – C3-4
o Between pharynx and trachea

Question 6

What is the Rima Glottidis?

Answer 6

in adults, the narrowest portion of the upper airway

Question 7

What is the Cricoid Ring?

Answer 7

in children, the narrowest part of the upper airway, cone shaped narrowing inferiorly until age 8

Question 8

All the intrinsic muscles are innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) except for

Answer 8

Cricothyroid muscle – innervated by external superior laryngeal nerve (SLN)

Question 9

The RLN and SLN branch off which CN?

Answer 9

X

Question 10

Stimulation of the RLN causes

Answer 10

Abduction of vocal cords

Question 11

Damage of the RLN causes

Answer 11

Adduction of vocal cords

Question 12

Internal SLN provides sensation to

Answer 12

supraglottic and ventricle component. STIMULATION CAUSES LARYNGOSPASMS

Question 13

External SLN provided motor innervation to

Answer 13

cricothyroid muscle

Question 14

Where is the cricothyroid membrane located?

Answer 14

inferior to true VCs, below thyroid cartilage

Question 15

What does the Sellicks maneuver do?

Answer 15

aligns glottic opening for intubation

Question 16

Location where the trachea divides into 2 bronchi

Answer 16

Carina

Question 17

Where is the carina located?

Answer 17

o T5-7

o 25 cm from teeth

Question 18

Why might you intubate right main bronchus instead of left main?

Answer 18

Right primary bronchus is slightly straight and wider

Question 19

Do conducting airways participate in gas exchange?

Answer 19

No, VENTILATION BUT NO PERFUSION

Question 20

Where does gas exchange start?

Answer 20

Respiratory bronchial

Also occurs in: resp ducts/sacs and alveoli

Question 21

What does simple diffusion do?

Answer 21

Allows gaseous exchange between airspaces and pulmonary capillaries

Question 22

What is a type 1 Pneumocyte?

Answer 22

Flat thin cells designed to increase alveolar surface area. Thin surface increases gas exchange. Squamous cells. Cover 95% of alveolar wall.

Question 23

What does a type 2 Pneumocyte excrete?

Answer 23

Surfactant

Question 24

What is surfactant?

Answer 24

Mix of proteins phospholipids and ions

Question 25

What does surfactant do?

Answer 25

o Mixes with water molecules and decreases the cohesiveness thus diminishing surface tension of alveolar fluid which reduces the force necessary to inflate the alveoli and facilitate breathing

o Prevents alveolar collapse during expiration

Question 26

What type of muscle do bronchials have?

Answer 26

Thick O smooth muscle –> bronchospasm = airway resistance

Question 27

What does stimulation to the internal SLN cause?

Answer 27

LARYNGOSPASMS