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Periodontology > Anatomy Of Periodontium > Flashcards

Anatomy Of Periodontium Flashcards

1
Q

What are the tissues of the periodontium?

A
  • gingiva
  • cementum
  • PDL
  • alveolar bone
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2
Q

What is the color of normal healthy gingiva?

A
  • coral/salmon pink color
  • variation in melanin pigmentation
  • produced by vascular supply, thickness and degree of keratinization
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3
Q

What is the surface texture of healthy gingiva?

A
  • matte
  • stipples (orange peel surface texture)
  • stippling caused by connective tissue that projects into elevations and depressions of stratified squamous epithelium
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4
Q

What is the contour of healthy gingiva?

A
  • scalloped outline of marginal gingiva
  • sharp papillae
  • knifes edge margin
  • depends on shape of teeth and alignment
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5
Q

Consistency of healthy gingiva?

A
  • firm and resilient
  • tightly adherent to underlying bone
  • gingival fibers and CT contribute to firmness
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6
Q

What is the shape of healthy gingiva?

A
  • papilla depends on contact point presence or absence
  • distance b/t contact point and bone crest
  • pyramidal anteriorly and flattened posteriorly
  • marginal gingiva = knifes edge
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7
Q

What makes up the gingiva?

A
  1. Gingival epithelium

2. Gingival connective tissue

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8
Q

What does gingival epithelium consist of?

A
  • oral epithelium
  • oral sulcular epithelium
  • junctional epithelium
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9
Q

What does the gingival connective tissue consist of ?

A
  • ground substance
  • fibroblasts
  • gingival fibres
  • neural tissue
  • blood and lymph vessels
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10
Q

What is the free gingiva?

A
  • surrounds necks of teeth in collar or cuff like way
  • from gingival margin > free gingival groove
  • forms soft tissue of sulcus
  • unattached
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11
Q

What is the interdental gingiva?

A

The portion of the gingiva that fills the embrasure spaces

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12
Q

What is the attached gingiva?

A
  • extends apically from free gingival groove > mucogingival junction
  • tightly attached to underlying bone
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13
Q

What are the functions of the gingiva?

A
  • dissipates functional and masticatory forces
  • provides resistant barrier to plaque induced inflammation
  • decrease risk of recession
  • provides deeper vestibule for tooth brushing access
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14
Q

What is the junctional epithelium?

A
  • firmly attached to tooth via hemidesmasome
  • forms epithelial barrier against plaque bacteria
  • allow access of GCF, inflammatory cells and host defense components into gingival margin
  • rapid turnover = host parasite equilibrium + rapid repair
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15
Q

What is the gingival sulcus?

A
  • V shaped space between tooth and gingiva
  • 0-3mm clinical depth usually
  • depth NB parameter
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16
Q

What are the characteristics of gingival crevicular fluid?

A
  • cleanses material from sulcus
  • has plasma proteins > improve adhesion of epithelium to tooth
  • antimicrobial properties
  • antibody action to defend gingiva
17
Q

What are the functions of PDL?

A

PHYSICAL:

  • soft tissue protective casing for nerves and vessels
  • transmit occlusal force to bone
  • attachment of teeth to bone
  • shock absorber
  • maintain tooth to gingiva position

NUTRITIONAL/SENSORY

  • nutrients and lymph drainage (cementum,bone, gingiva)
  • proprioception
  • sensory nerve fibres transmit tactile, pain, pressure via trigeminal pathways

REMODELING:
-formation, regeneration, remodeling of bone and cementum

18
Q

What are the functions of gingival fibres?

A
  • brace marginal gingiva firmly against tooth
  • provides rigidity to withstand forces of mastication
  • attach free marginal gingiva with cementum of root and adjacent attached gingiva
19
Q

What is root cementum ?

A

The calcified tissue that forms the outer covering of the anatomic root

  • acellular = primary
  • cellular = secondary

CEJ= relation between enamel and cementum edge at cervix of tooth

20
Q

What is the alveolar bone and what does it consist of?

A
  • alveolar process is part of maxilla and mandible that forms and supports tooth sockets
  • consist of COMPACT bone (cortical + alveolar bone proper) and CANCELLOUS bone (trabeculae)
21
Q

What is the blood supply of the periodontium?

A
  1. Periodontal pathway
  2. Alveolar pathway
  3. Supraperiosteal

= gingival plexus

Additionally, post-capillary venous plexus and sub-epithelium capillary loops

22
Q

What is the lymph drainage of the periodontium?

A
  1. Sub mental = labial and lingual gingiva of mandibular incisors
  2. Deep cervical = palatial gingiva of maxilla
  3. Jugulodigastric = third molars
  4. Submandibular = all other teeth with adjacent periodontal tissues

Periodontology (1 decks)

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