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Chapter 11 Lymphatic System > Anatomy Of Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Anatomy Of Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

What is interstitial fluid?

A

Extra cellular fluid out in the tissues

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2
Q

What is lymph?

A

It’s a fluid derived from plasma

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3
Q

What is the function of lymph?

A

Reaches cells that are not immediately adjacent to blood capillaries, so it helps these cells meet their nutrient and waste-removal needs.

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4
Q

What are the two collecting ducts?

A

Thoracic duct & right lymphatic duct

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5
Q

What are the functions of the thoracic and right lymphatic duct?

A

They deliver lymph to the subclavian veins, where it rejoins the circulating blood

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6
Q

The right lymphatic duct drains lymph from?

A

The right side of the head, the right arm and the right side of the thorax to the right subclavian vein

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7
Q

Does the thoracic duct deliver lymph to the right or left subclavian vein?

A

Left subclavian vein

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8
Q

The cardiovascular and lymphatic systems are interconnected by a shared fluid. What fluid is this?

A

Plasma

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9
Q

What are the primary cells of the lymphatic system?

A

Leukocytes-particularly, lymphocytes

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10
Q

What are the 5 cell categories of the lymphatic system?

A

Natural killer (NK cells) ,
T lymphocytes (T cells),
B lymphocytes (B cells) ,
Macrophages,
Dendritic cells

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11
Q

What are the 4 T cells?

A

T helper
T cytotoxic
T memory
T regulatory

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12
Q

What do B cells function as?

A

Antigen-presenting cells (APCs)

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13
Q

What are the 2 B cells ?

A

B plasma
B memory

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14
Q

What is the purpose of MALT? (Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue)

A

To stand guard against and fight pathogens trying to enter the body

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15
Q

What are nodules?

A

Densely packed pockets of lymphocytes

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16
Q

What are lymph nodes?

A

Lymphatic structures that act as filters. They remove anything that may be harmful in lymph.

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17
Q

What happens when an infection is present in a lymph node?

A

Germinal centers produce more B cells

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18
Q

Where are cervical lymph nodes located?

A

In groups in the neck. They filter lymph from the head and neck

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19
Q

Where are Axillary lymph nodes located and where do they filter lymph from?

A

Located in axillary region
Filters from breasts and arms

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20
Q

Where are thoracic lymph nodes located and where do the filter lymph from?

A

Located in the mediastinum surrounding the trachea and bronchi .
Filters from organs in the thoracic cavity.

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21
Q

Where are abdominal lymph nodes located and where do they filter from?

A

Located in the posterior wall of the abdominopelvic cavity.
Filters from the urinary and reproductive systems.

22
Q

Where are pelvic lymph nodes located and where do they filter from?

A

Located deep in the pelvic region and surround the iliac arteries and veins.
Filters from the urinary and reproductive systems.

23
Q

Where are the intestinal and mesenteric lymph nodes located and where do the filter from?

A

Located in the mesentries and surround the mesenteric arteries and veins.
Filter from the digestive organs

24
Q

Where are popliteal lymph nodes located and where do they filter from?

A

Located in the popliteal region (behind the knee)
Filters from the leg

25
Q

Where are inguinal lymph nodes located and where do the filter from?

A

Located superficially in the groin
Filters from lower limbs

26
Q

What is lymphadenitis?

A

When the lymph node becomes swollen and painful to touch

27
Q

Which lymphoid tissue is fully developed at birth?

A

Thymus gland

28
Q

T cells migrate from the red bone marrow to ?

A

The thymus gland to mature

29
Q

What are the 3 lines of defense against pathogens?

A

1) external barriers
2) inflammation, antimicrobial proteins, fever, & other active attacks
3) specific immunity

30
Q

Nonspecific resistance is ?

A

Defenses at widespread, meaning they work to fight many pathogens without prior exposure.

31
Q

What are the two type of defenses ?

A

Nonspecific resistance & specific immunity

32
Q

Are mucous membranes considered an external barrier?

A

Yes.
-Mucous traps microbes
-Mucus, tears, and saliva contain lysozymes to destroy pathogens
-deep in M.M. Is loose areolar connective tissue w/fibers to hamper the progress of pathogens

33
Q

What are the functions of inflammation?

A
  • limits the spread of pathogens
  • removes debris and damaged tissue
  • initiates tissue repair
34
Q

What are the 2 types of antimicrobial proteins?

A

Interferons & the compliment system

35
Q

What is stadium ?

A

The body responding by shivering to produce more heat , while the blood vessels in the skin constrict to preserve the heat being generated.

36
Q

What is defervescence?

A

The abatement of a fever

37
Q

What are the 2 specific immunities ?

A

Humoral (antibody-mediated) immunity & cellular (cell-mediated) immunity

38
Q

What are the 4 terms used for acquired immunity ?

A

-passive
-active
-natural
-artificial

39
Q

Which T cell provides a vital role in nonspecific defense and specific immunity?

A

T helper Cell

40
Q

What are the functions of the lymphatic system?

A

-fluid balance
-lipid absorption
-defense against disease
-immunity

41
Q

Which cell(s) are effected with age?

A

T cells .

42
Q

What is lymphoma ?

A

Cancer that affects white blood cells and can develop in organs of the lymphatic system

43
Q

What lymphatic disorder is cancer of the plasma cells in the bone marrow?

A

Multiple myeloma

44
Q

What is anaphylaxis?

A

Immediate allergic reaction that can be life threatening

45
Q

What are the 2 categories that immunodeficiency disorders fit into ?

A

1) congenital immunodeficiency disorders
2) acquired immunodeficiency disorders

46
Q

What does the lymphatic system do for the respiratory system?

A

Provides O2 for lymphatic tissues and removes CO2 — thoracic pump helps return lymph to the cardiovascular system
And
Sends white blood cells to fight pathogens in the respiratory system

47
Q

Peyer’s patches are nodules of lymphocytes . Where are they located?

A

At the distal end of the small intestine

48
Q

What is Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)?

A

group of genes that code for proteins found on the surfaces of cells that help the immune system recognize foreign substances

49
Q

Epitope

A

The part of an antigen molecule to which an antibody attaches itself

50
Q

What is a pyrogen?

A

A substance, typically produced by a bacterium which produces fever when introduced or released in the blood

51
Q

What are the accessory structures of the lymphatic system?

A

-thoracic duct
-right lymphatic duct
-lymph nodes
-lymph vessels

Chapter 11 Lymphatic System (2 decks)

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