Anatomy Of Lymphatic System

Question 1

What is interstitial fluid?

Answer 1

Extra cellular fluid out in the tissues

Question 2

What is lymph?

Answer 2

It’s a fluid derived from plasma

Question 3

What is the function of lymph?

Answer 3

Reaches cells that are not immediately adjacent to blood capillaries, so it helps these cells meet their nutrient and waste-removal needs.

Question 4

What are the two collecting ducts?

Answer 4

Thoracic duct & right lymphatic duct

Question 5

What are the functions of the thoracic and right lymphatic duct?

Answer 5

They deliver lymph to the subclavian veins, where it rejoins the circulating blood

Question 6

The right lymphatic duct drains lymph from?

Answer 6

The right side of the head, the right arm and the right side of the thorax to the right subclavian vein

Question 7

Does the thoracic duct deliver lymph to the right or left subclavian vein?

Answer 7

Left subclavian vein

Question 8

The cardiovascular and lymphatic systems are interconnected by a shared fluid. What fluid is this?

Answer 8

Plasma

Question 9

What are the primary cells of the lymphatic system?

Answer 9

Leukocytes-particularly, lymphocytes

Question 10

What are the 5 cell categories of the lymphatic system?

Answer 10

Natural killer (NK cells) ,
T lymphocytes (T cells),
B lymphocytes (B cells) ,
Macrophages,
Dendritic cells

Question 11

What are the 4 T cells?

Answer 11

T helper
T cytotoxic
T memory
T regulatory

Question 12

What do B cells function as?

Answer 12

Antigen-presenting cells (APCs)

Question 13

What are the 2 B cells ?

Answer 13

B plasma
B memory

Question 14

What is the purpose of MALT? (Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue)

Answer 14

To stand guard against and fight pathogens trying to enter the body

Question 15

What are nodules?

Answer 15

Densely packed pockets of lymphocytes

Question 16

What are lymph nodes?

Answer 16

Lymphatic structures that act as filters. They remove anything that may be harmful in lymph.

Question 17

What happens when an infection is present in a lymph node?

Answer 17

Germinal centers produce more B cells

Question 18

Where are cervical lymph nodes located?

Answer 18

In groups in the neck. They filter lymph from the head and neck

Question 19

Where are Axillary lymph nodes located and where do they filter lymph from?

Answer 19

Located in axillary region
Filters from breasts and arms

Question 20

Where are thoracic lymph nodes located and where do the filter lymph from?

Answer 20

Located in the mediastinum surrounding the trachea and bronchi .
Filters from organs in the thoracic cavity.

Question 21

Where are abdominal lymph nodes located and where do they filter from?

Answer 21

Located in the posterior wall of the abdominopelvic cavity.
Filters from the urinary and reproductive systems.

Question 22

Where are pelvic lymph nodes located and where do they filter from?

Answer 22

Located deep in the pelvic region and surround the iliac arteries and veins.
Filters from the urinary and reproductive systems.

Question 23

Where are the intestinal and mesenteric lymph nodes located and where do the filter from?

Answer 23

Located in the mesentries and surround the mesenteric arteries and veins.
Filter from the digestive organs

Question 24

Where are popliteal lymph nodes located and where do they filter from?

Answer 24

Located in the popliteal region (behind the knee)
Filters from the leg

Question 25

Where are inguinal lymph nodes located and where do the filter from?

Answer 25

Located superficially in the groin Filters from lower limbs

Question 26

What is lymphadenitis?

Answer 26

When the lymph node becomes swollen and painful to touch

Question 27

Which lymphoid tissue is fully developed at birth?

Answer 27

Thymus gland

Question 28

T cells migrate from the red bone marrow to ?

Answer 28

The thymus gland to mature

Question 29

What are the 3 lines of defense against pathogens?

Answer 29

1) external barriers 2) inflammation, antimicrobial proteins, fever, & other active attacks 3) specific immunity

Question 30

Nonspecific resistance is ?

Answer 30

Defenses at widespread, meaning they work to fight many pathogens without prior exposure.

Question 31

What are the two type of defenses ?

Answer 31

Nonspecific resistance & specific immunity

Question 32

Are mucous membranes considered an external barrier?

Answer 32

Yes. -Mucous traps microbes -Mucus, tears, and saliva contain lysozymes to destroy pathogens -deep in M.M. Is loose areolar connective tissue w/fibers to hamper the progress of pathogens

Question 33

What are the functions of inflammation?

Answer 33

- limits the spread of pathogens - removes debris and damaged tissue - initiates tissue repair

Question 34

What are the 2 types of antimicrobial proteins?

Answer 34

Interferons & the compliment system

Question 35

What is stadium ?

Answer 35

The body responding by shivering to produce more heat , while the blood vessels in the skin constrict to preserve the heat being generated.

Question 36

What is defervescence?

Answer 36

The abatement of a fever

Question 37

What are the 2 specific immunities ?

Answer 37

Humoral (antibody-mediated) immunity & cellular (cell-mediated) immunity

Question 38

What are the 4 terms used for acquired immunity ?

Answer 38

-passive -active -natural -artificial

Question 39

Which T cell provides a vital role in nonspecific defense and specific immunity?

Answer 39

T helper Cell

Question 40

What are the functions of the lymphatic system?

Answer 40

-fluid balance -lipid absorption -defense against disease -immunity

Question 41

Which cell(s) are effected with age?

Answer 41

T cells .

Question 42

What is lymphoma ?

Answer 42

Cancer that affects white blood cells and can develop in organs of the lymphatic system

Question 43

What lymphatic disorder is cancer of the plasma cells in the bone marrow?

Answer 43

Multiple myeloma

Question 44

What is anaphylaxis?

Answer 44

Immediate allergic reaction that can be life threatening

Question 45

What are the 2 categories that immunodeficiency disorders fit into ?

Answer 45

1) congenital immunodeficiency disorders 2) acquired immunodeficiency disorders

Question 46

What does the lymphatic system do for the respiratory system?

Answer 46

Provides O2 for lymphatic tissues and removes CO2 — thoracic pump helps return lymph to the cardiovascular system And Sends white blood cells to fight pathogens in the respiratory system

Question 47

Peyer’s patches are nodules of lymphocytes . Where are they located?

Answer 47

At the distal end of the small intestine

Question 48

What is Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)?

Answer 48

group of genes that code for proteins found on the surfaces of cells that help the immune system recognize foreign substances

Question 49

Epitope

Answer 49

The part of an antigen molecule to which an antibody attaches itself

Question 50

What is a pyrogen?

Answer 50

A substance, typically produced by a bacterium which produces fever when introduced or released in the blood

Question 51

What are the accessory structures of the lymphatic system?

Answer 51

-thoracic duct -right lymphatic duct -lymph nodes -lymph vessels