Anatomy of lung and respiratory tract

Question 1

What are the primary function of respiration?

Answer 1

O2 is essential for normal cell metabolism and CO2 is a major waste product
O2 is transported to cells. whilst CO2 is transported to lungs to be excreted

Question 2

What are the secondary functions of respiration?

Answer 2

Enhances venous return (Respiratory pump)
Water loss
Helps maintaining normal acid base balance
Defends against inhaled foreign matter

Question 3

What is respiration?

Answer 3

Process of converting glucose into CO2 and water, in doing so produces ATP as an energy source which is used by other cells.

Question 4

What is the pathway of the bronchial tree?

Answer 4

Trachea 
Primary bronchi
Secondary bronchi
Tertiary bronchi 
Bronchioles 
Terminal bronchioles

Question 5

What does the upper airway do?

Answer 5

Helps filter out dust from air and acts as an air exchanger bring warm air into the lungs.

Question 6

What does nasal turbinates do?

Answer 6

The bone that helps circulate air around the nasal cavity and helps in humidifying/heating and filtering of air.

Question 7

What is the respiratory tract covered with?

Answer 7

Epithelial Mucus

Question 8

Which cells secrete mucus in the respiratory tract?

Answer 8

Goblet cells

Question 9

What is the function of cilias in the respiratory tract?

Answer 9

It helps move mucus up, removing contaminants

other contaminants are removed by macrophages in the alveoli

Question 10

Cigarette smoke cannot impair cilia function. TRUE PR FALSE?

Answer 10

FALSE

Question 11

What are tertiary bronchi also known as?

Answer 11

Segmental bronchi

Question 12

How many segmantal bronchus does the right and left lung have?

Answer 12

Right lung has - 10

Left lung has 8 or 9

Question 13

Describe the structure of bronchiole

Answer 13

Has no cartilage
Dominated by smooth muscle
Under Autonomic control

Question 14

What are the two types of alveoli and their function and other structures present?

Answer 14

Type 1 alveolar (squamous pulmonary epithelial) - thin cell walls for gas exchange
Type 2 alveolar (also known as septal cell) - secrete surfactant and microvilli
They also contain alevolar macrophages (dust cell) and capillary endothelial

Question 15

What is pulmonary surfactant and where is it produced?

Answer 15

It is a mixture of phospholipids and proteins produced by type 2 alveolar

Question 16

What is the function of surfactant?

Answer 16

It lowers surface tension at air liquid interface in alveoli, it prevents the small alveoli from collapse and it increases lung compliance

Question 17

What is diffusion? and give an example

Answer 17

It occurs when there is a difference in concentration between two areas, for example O2 will diffuse from an area of high concentration to lower concentration, down concentration gradient.

Question 18

Diffusion does not require energy from the body. TRUE OR FALSE?

Answer 18

TRUE

Question 19

What dos Ficks Law describe?

Answer 19

It describes rates of diffusion

Question 20

Premature babies may have insufficient surfactants. TRUE OF FALSE?

Answer 20

TRUE