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Phase 1 week 10 - genitourinary > anatomy of kidney > Flashcards

anatomy of kidney Flashcards

1
Q

What kidney sits lower than the other

A

Right sits lower than left

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2
Q

What is the level of the kidneys

A

T12/13

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3
Q

How many supporting tissue layers surround each kidney

A

3

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4
Q

name the 3 supportive layers

A

renal fascia, renal capsule and adipose capsule

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5
Q

describe the renal capsule

A

A thin fibrous sac made of irregular tissue that maintains the kidney shape and protects it from trauma

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6
Q

Describe the adipose capsule

A

layer of fat that surrounds renal capsule. Protects and supports kidney

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7
Q

Describe the renal fascia

A

Anchors kidneys to the peritoneum and posterior wall. Provides kidney anchorage

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8
Q

What is the renal cortex

A

the outer layer of the kidney

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9
Q

what is found at the renal cortex

A

glomeruli

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10
Q

what occurs at the renal cortex

A

ultrafiltration

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11
Q

What type of arteries are found in the renal cortex

A

arcuate and inaccurate arteries ad veins.

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12
Q

What type of nephrons are found in renal cortex

A

cortical nephrons

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13
Q

What is the renal column an extension of

A

the renal cortex

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14
Q

what is the function of the renal column

A

to anchor the renal cortex

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15
Q

What part of the kidney is the renal medull

A

The inner section

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16
Q

What structures are found in the renal medulla

A

renal pyramids

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17
Q

Why does the renal medulla appear striated

A

parts of loop of hence
collecting tubules of cortical nephrons
tubular system of juxtamedullar nephrons

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18
Q

Where do renal calyces empty into

A

renal pelvis and ureter

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19
Q

what are the 2 types of calyces you can get

A

major and minor

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20
Q

what is the pathway of urine?

A

Real pyramids drain into minor and major calyces, drain into renal pelvis, empties into ureter

21
Q

What do minor calyces surround

A

renal pyramids

22
Q

What forms a major calyce

A

many minor calyces

23
Q

what forms the renal pelvis

A

many major calyces uniting

24
Q

Why are renal pyramids striated

A

due to nephron loops and collecting tubes

25
Q

where do renal pyramids terminate

A

in minor calyce

26
Q

Whatare renal papilla

A

Tips of renal pyramids that protrude into minor calyce

27
Q

where is the renal pelvis located

A

at the hilllium

28
Q

what is the function of renal pelvis

A

collects urine from major calyces and drains to the ureter

29
Q

Describe a juxtamedullary nephron

A

long loop of henle

30
Q

what 2 types of nephrons can you get

A

cortical and juxtamedullary

31
Q

What are the functions of nephrons

A

to perform osmoregulation and remove waste from the body

32
Q

Describe a cortical nephron

A

short loop of henle

33
Q

Describe a cortical nephron

A

short loop of henle

34
Q

name the 2 parts of a nephron

A

renal corpuscle and renal tubule

35
Q

what does the renal corpuscle surround

A

the glomerulus which is surrounded by the bowman capsule

36
Q

What isthefunction of renal tubule

A

connects to collecting ducts that collect urine

37
Q

describe the pathway of renal veins

A

Interlobular
arcuate
interlobar
renal

38
Q

Describe the pathway of renal arteries

A 
renal
segmental
interlobar
arcuate
interlobular
39
Q

describe renal capilarries

A

interlobular artery enters the cortex where it divides into branches called afferent arterioles. Each nephron receives an arteriole. Arteriole divides to form a plexus

40
Q

Name some functions of the kidney

A

regulation of osmolarity, regulation of ion conc., produces hormones, excretion of toxins/water

41
Q

draw and describe the loop of henle (nephron structure)

A

k

42
Q

draw structure of kidney

A

f

43
Q

Draw and explain the loop of henle

A

d

44
Q

Where does glucose resorption occur

A

the proimal tube

45
Q

What part of bladder controls voluntaary urination

A

external urethral sphincter controlled by the pudenal nerve

46
Q

Define dysplasia

A

When cells become abnormal

47
Q

Define metaplasia

A

Abnormal change in tissue number

48
Q

What epithelia is present in the bladder

A

transitional

Phase 1 week 10 - genitourinary (2 decks)

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