Anatomy of Heart and Middle Mediastinum

Question 1

2 layers of the pericardium

Answer 1

Fibrous

Serous (parietal and visceral)

Question 2

Function of the fibrous pericardium

Answer 2

Forms a limiting surface (so heart cannot expand too much)

Attached to diaphragm, roots of pulmonary trunk/aorta, and sometimes sternum - limit range of motion

Question 3

Cardiac tamponade

Answer 3

When there is an excess of fluid in the pericardial space and the heart gets compressed

Question 4

2 pericardial sinuses

Answer 4

Transverse

Oblique

Question 5

Transverse sinus

Answer 5

Between the pulmonary trunk/aorta and the superior vena cava

Question 6

Oblique sinus

Answer 6

Associated with venous structures
On the posterior aspect of the heart
Inverted J shape

Question 7

What parts of the heart form

1. Apex
2. Left border
3. Right border
4. Inferior border
5. Base

Answer 7

1. LV
2. LV, L auricle
3. RA
4. RV, RA
5. LA

Question 8

3 coronaries from
1. Right
2. Left
side of the heart

Answer 8

1. RCA, right marginal branch, posterior descending branch

2. LCA, LAD, circumflex

Question 9

Coronary sinus

Answer 9

Vein on the posterior side of heart

Drains most of the coronary veins into the RA

Question 10

Coronary sulcus

Answer 10

Delineates the atria from the ventricles

Question 11

Hole between the two atria

Answer 11

When open in the fetus is it the foramen ovale

Once sealed, its the fossa ovalis