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Pre-med Year 3 > Anatomy Of Head,Neck & Back > Flashcards

Anatomy Of Head,Neck & Back Flashcards

1
Q

What is the foramen caecum associated with?

A

Nasal emissary vein

The foramen caecum is located in the anterior cranial fossa.

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2
Q

What structures pass through the cribriform foramina?

A

Axons of olfactory cells

These foramina are found in the cribriform plate.

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3
Q

What passes through the optic canals?

A

Optic nerves (CN II) and ophthalmic arteries

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4
Q

What structures are associated with the superior orbital fissure?

A

Ophthalmic veins, ophthalmic nerve (CN V1), occulomotor nerve (CN III), trochlear nerve (CN IV), abducens nerve (CN VI)

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5
Q

Which foramen transmits the maxillary nerve?

A

Foramen rotundum

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6
Q

What is the function of the foramen ovale?

A

Transmits the mandibular nerve (CN V3) and accessory meningeal artery

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7
Q

What does the foramen spinosum transmit?

A

Middle meningeal artery and vein, meningeal branch of CN V3

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8
Q

What passes through the foramen lacerum?

A

Deep petrosal nerve and internal carotid artery

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9
Q

What structures are associated with the jugular foramen?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), vagus nerve (CN X), inferior petrosal and sigmoid sinuses

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10
Q

What is transmitted through the hypoglossal canal?

A

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

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11
Q

What structures pass through the internal acoustic meatus?

A

Facial nerve (CN VII) and vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)

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12
Q

What is the main body of the mandible composed of?

A

Main body and alveolar process

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13
Q

What are the parts of the ethmoid bone?

A

Cribriform plate, perpendicular plate, ethmoidal labyrinth

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14
Q

What parts comprise the temporal bone?

A

Squamous part, tympanic part, petromastoid part, zygomatic process, styloid process

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15
Q

What type of cranial fracture is characterized by the bone being pushed inwards?

A

Depressed fracture

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16
Q

What is a linear fracture?

A

A simple break in the bone, traversing its full thickness

17
Q

What is a basal skull fracture typically associated with?

A

Bruising behind the ears or around the eyes

18
Q

What is a diastatic fracture?

A

Fracture along a suture line causing widening of the suture

19
Q

What is endoscopic trans-sphenoidal surgery (ETSS) used for?

A

Surgical management of pituitary adenomas

20
Q

What does CSF rhinorrhoea indicate?

A

Clear watery discharge from the nose due to a fracture of the cribriform plate

21
Q

What are the two parts of the mandible?

A

Horizontal body and vertical ramus

22
Q

What are the components of the sphenoid bone?

A

Body, paired greater and lesser wings, two pterygoid processes

23
Q

What are the six paired bones of the facial skeleton?

A
  • Zygomatic
  • Lacrimal
  • Nasal
  • Inferior nasal conchae
  • Palatine
  • Maxilla
24
Q

What are the four unpaired bones of the facial skeleton?

A
  • Vomer
  • Mandible
25
Q

What are the main sutures of the skull?

A
  • Coronal suture
  • Sagittal suture
  • Lambdoid suture
  • Squamous suture
26
Q

What is the anterior fontanelle?

A

The largest of the fontanelles, diamond-shaped, and closes between 13 to 24 months

27
Q

What is the clinical significance of fontanelles?

A

They offer insight into the newborn’s state of health, especially hydration and intracranial pressure

28
Q

What is the nasion?

A

Point on the middle of the nasofrontal suture

29
Q

What is the lambda?

A

Intersection of the lambdoid and sagittal sutures

30
Q

What is the pterion?

A

Junction of the frontal, parietal, temporal bones, and the great wing of the sphenoid bone

31
Q

The anteroposterior length of the skull is measured how?

A

Distance between Nasion and Inion

32
Q

Measurement of the width of the skull is taken from what point?

A

1st Pterion to 2nd Pterion

33
Q

What is the measurement of the skull called?

A

Craniometry

34
Q

List 3 minor surtures and state the shape, juxtaposition and closure of posterior fontanelle

A

Shape: triangular
Juxtaposition: parietal and occipital
Closure: 6-8wks of EUL

35
Q

What is the shape, juxtaposition, closure & clinical relevance of the anterior fontanelle?

A

Shape: Diamond
Juxtaposition: Frontal & parietal
Closure: 13-24mnths/1-2yrs
CR: Deduce new born health overall

36
Q

Which fontanelle closes last?

A

Anterior

37
Q

Hydrocephalus could be caused by?

A

Delayed closure of posterior fontanelle

38
Q

Compare & contrast mastoid fontanelle and sphenoid fontanelle
Hint: Location, juxtaposition and closure.

A

Mastoid fontanelle
Location: Poterolateral
Juxtaposition: Occipital, temporal, parietal
Closure: 6th month mark of EUL or after parturition

Sphenoid fontanelle
Location: Anterolateral
Juxtaposition: Frontal, Temporal, Parietal and sphenoid
Closure: 6-18 months/ 1.5years

Pre-med Year 3 (3 decks)

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