Anatomy Of Head,Neck & Back Flashcards
What is the foramen caecum associated with?
Nasal emissary vein
The foramen caecum is located in the anterior cranial fossa.
What structures pass through the cribriform foramina?
Axons of olfactory cells
These foramina are found in the cribriform plate.
What passes through the optic canals?
Optic nerves (CN II) and ophthalmic arteries
What structures are associated with the superior orbital fissure?
Ophthalmic veins, ophthalmic nerve (CN V1), occulomotor nerve (CN III), trochlear nerve (CN IV), abducens nerve (CN VI)
Which foramen transmits the maxillary nerve?
Foramen rotundum
What is the function of the foramen ovale?
Transmits the mandibular nerve (CN V3) and accessory meningeal artery
What does the foramen spinosum transmit?
Middle meningeal artery and vein, meningeal branch of CN V3
What passes through the foramen lacerum?
Deep petrosal nerve and internal carotid artery
What structures are associated with the jugular foramen?
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), vagus nerve (CN X), inferior petrosal and sigmoid sinuses
What is transmitted through the hypoglossal canal?
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
What structures pass through the internal acoustic meatus?
Facial nerve (CN VII) and vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
What is the main body of the mandible composed of?
Main body and alveolar process
What are the parts of the ethmoid bone?
Cribriform plate, perpendicular plate, ethmoidal labyrinth
What parts comprise the temporal bone?
Squamous part, tympanic part, petromastoid part, zygomatic process, styloid process
What type of cranial fracture is characterized by the bone being pushed inwards?
Depressed fracture
What is a linear fracture?
A simple break in the bone, traversing its full thickness
What is a basal skull fracture typically associated with?
Bruising behind the ears or around the eyes
What is a diastatic fracture?
Fracture along a suture line causing widening of the suture
What is endoscopic trans-sphenoidal surgery (ETSS) used for?
Surgical management of pituitary adenomas
What does CSF rhinorrhoea indicate?
Clear watery discharge from the nose due to a fracture of the cribriform plate
What are the two parts of the mandible?
Horizontal body and vertical ramus
What are the components of the sphenoid bone?
Body, paired greater and lesser wings, two pterygoid processes
What are the six paired bones of the facial skeleton?
- Zygomatic
- Lacrimal
- Nasal
- Inferior nasal conchae
- Palatine
- Maxilla
What are the four unpaired bones of the facial skeleton?
- Vomer
- Mandible
What are the main sutures of the skull?
- Coronal suture
- Sagittal suture
- Lambdoid suture
- Squamous suture
What is the anterior fontanelle?
The largest of the fontanelles, diamond-shaped, and closes between 13 to 24 months
What is the clinical significance of fontanelles?
They offer insight into the newborn’s state of health, especially hydration and intracranial pressure
What is the nasion?
Point on the middle of the nasofrontal suture
What is the lambda?
Intersection of the lambdoid and sagittal sutures
What is the pterion?
Junction of the frontal, parietal, temporal bones, and the great wing of the sphenoid bone
The anteroposterior length of the skull is measured how?
Distance between Nasion and Inion
Measurement of the width of the skull is taken from what point?
1st Pterion to 2nd Pterion
What is the measurement of the skull called?
Craniometry
List 3 minor surtures and state the shape, juxtaposition and closure of posterior fontanelle
Shape: triangular
Juxtaposition: parietal and occipital
Closure: 6-8wks of EUL
What is the shape, juxtaposition, closure & clinical relevance of the anterior fontanelle?
Shape: Diamond
Juxtaposition: Frontal & parietal
Closure: 13-24mnths/1-2yrs
CR: Deduce new born health overall
Which fontanelle closes last?
Anterior
Hydrocephalus could be caused by?
Delayed closure of posterior fontanelle
Compare & contrast mastoid fontanelle and sphenoid fontanelle
Hint: Location, juxtaposition and closure.
Mastoid fontanelle
Location: Poterolateral
Juxtaposition: Occipital, temporal, parietal
Closure: 6th month mark of EUL or after parturition
Sphenoid fontanelle
Location: Anterolateral
Juxtaposition: Frontal, Temporal, Parietal and sphenoid
Closure: 6-18 months/ 1.5years
