Anatomy of flowering plants

Question 1

What are trichomes?

Answer 1

epidermal hairs on stem. stops water loss due to transpiration.

Question 2

where is cuticle absent in plants?

Answer 2

plants root

Question 3

What are guard cells?

Answer 3

guard cells makes the opening of stomata. It possess chloroplast. their inner lining is thick outter is thin. surrounded by subsidiary cells.

Question 4

What is mesophyll?

Answer 4

ground tissue present in plant leef. contains chloroplast.

Question 5

main difference between monocot and dicot stem?

Answer 5

dicot stem have cambium, are capable of secondary growth. they are open. monocot doesn’t have cambium and are closed.

Question 6

what is Epiblema?

Answer 6

Outermost layer in plant roots. root hairs protude from it.

Question 7

Endodermis of root?

Answer 7

It comprises a single layer of barrel-shaped cells. tangential as well as radial wall have deposition of water impermeable waxy material (suberin) in the form of casparian strips

Question 8

pericycle of roots function?

Answer 8

initiation of lateral roots and vascular cambium during secondary growth takes place in it.

Question 9

what are conjuctive tissues

Answer 9

parenchymous cell between xylem and phloem in root.

Question 10

what is stele?

Answer 10

all tissues on the inner side of the endodermis such as pericycle, vascular bundle, and pith

Question 11

main diffrence between monocot and dicot root?

Answer 11

monocot - usually more than 6 xylem bundle, large & well developed pith. don’t undergo secondary growth.
dicot - cambium rings develops between xylem & phloem, incospicuos pith.

Question 12

Hypodermis of dicot stem(collenchymous) function?

Answer 12

it is outermost layer of cortex, provide mechanical strength to the young stem.

Question 13

endodermis of dicot stem?

Answer 13

innermost layer of cortex. it’s cell are rich with starch grains. also known as starch steath.

Question 14

pericyle of dicot stem?

Answer 14

sclerenchymous, in the form of semi-lunar patches of sclerenchyma.

Question 15

Dicot stem characteristic?

Answer 15

vascular bundles are arranged in a ring. each vascular bundels are conjoint, open, endarch protoxylem(protoxylem inner metaxylem outter).

Question 16

difference between pith of dicot & monocot?

Answer 16

dicot - Pith is parenchymous large intercellular spaces
monocot - ground tissue everywhere besides Vascular bundles.

Question 17

Describe monocot stem?

Answer 17

Hypodermis - sclerenchymous, vascular bundles scattered. each surrounded by schlerenchymos bundle sheath. ground tissue is parenchymous. vascular bundles are conjoint, closed, and peripheral vascular bundels are generally smaller than the central ones. Phloem parenchyma absent. Water containing cavities present(within the vascular bundles).

Question 18

main parts sof dorsiventral(dicot) & isobilateral (monocot) leaf?

Answer 18

Epidermis, Vascular bundles and mesophyl(ground tissues).

Question 19

Differentiate between Dicotyledons and monocotyledons?

Answer 19

DICOTS - abaxial epidermis has more stomata, adaxial has less or zero. Mesophyll made up of two types of parenchymous cell - 1, palisade parenchyma - adaxial, elongated arranged parallel to each other & 2 spongy parenchyma - abaxial, oval or round shape, loosely arranged spongy parenchyma, below palisade.
air cavities between cells.
vascular bundles in midrib and veins.
vascular bundles surrounded by bundle sheath cells.

monocot - stomata present on both surfaces, mesophyll not differentiated into palisade & spongy parenchyma.
Bulliform cells.

similarities - mesophyll possess chloroplast & carry out photosynthesis made up of parenchyma.

Question 20

what are bulliform cells?

Answer 20

adaxial epidermal cells along the VEINS modify themselves into large, empty colorless cells.
when they have absorbed water & are turgid then leaf surface is exposed.
when then are flacid due to water loss they make the leaves curl inward to minimise water loss.
Vascular in midrib large & in other veins are of similar size.