Anatomy of flowering plants

Question 1

On the basis of structure and location what are the three types of tissue systems?

Answer 1

Epidermal, ground, vascular

Question 2

what does epidermal tissue system comprise of?

Answer 2

epidermal cells, stomata, epidermal appendages- trichomes and hairs

Question 3

what is epidermis made up of?

Answer 3

elongated, compactly arranged cells which form a continuous single layer

Question 4

characteristic of epidermal cells

Answer 4

parenchymal with a small amount of cytoplasm lining the cell wall and large vacuole

Question 5

what is cuticle and what does it help in?

Answer 5

it is the outside of the epidermis covered w a waxy thick layer and prevents loss of water

Question 6

where is cuticle absent?

Answer 6

roots

Question 7

role of stomata

Answer 7

controls transpiration and exchange of gases

Question 8

bean shaped cells which enclose stomatal pore

Answer 8

guard cells

Question 9

how are guard cells diff in grass?

Answer 9

dumb bell shaped

Question 10

wall structure of guard cells

Answer 10

outer walls of guard cells are thin and inner walls are highly thickened

Question 11

what do guard cells posses and their role

Answer 11

chloroplast, opening and closing of stomata

Question 12

subsidiary cells

Answer 12

when guard cells in the vicinity of guard cells become specialized in shape and size

Question 13

what are root hairs and its role?

Answer 13

UNICELLULAR elongations of the epidermal cells, help in absorbing water and minerals

Question 14

stomatal apparatus

Answer 14

stomatal aperture, guard cells, subsidiary cells

Question 15

what are trichomes and its role

Answer 15

MULTICELLULAR, stem epidermal hairs
may be secretory, help in preventing water loss during transpiration

Question 16

constitution of ground tissue

Answer 16

all tissues except epidermis and vascular bundles
parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma

Question 17

where are parenchymatous cells usually present?

Answer 17

P- pith
C- cortex
M- medullary rays
P- pericycle
P- primary stem
R- root

Question 18

mesophyll

Answer 18

thin walled cells containing chloroplast

Question 19

vascular tissue system consists of?

Answer 19

xylem and phhloem

Question 20

what is present is dicot stem that is absent in monocot stem?

Answer 20

cambium

Question 21

what does cambium help in

Answer 21

possesses the ability to form secondary xylem and phloem tissues
open vascular bundles

Question 22

do monocot have cambium?

Answer 22

no hence called closed vascular bundles

Question 23

what is radial arrangement

Answer 23

when xylem and phloem are present in alternating manner along diff radii- present in rootts

Question 24

what is conjoint vascular bundles

Answer 24

when xylem and phloem are present along the same radius and phloem is mostly located on the outer side- present in stems and leaves

Question 25

outermost layer in dicot root is known as?

Answer 25

epiblema

Question 26

cells of epiblema protrude as?

Answer 26

UNICELLULAR root hairs

Question 27

what does the cortex consist of?

Answer 27

several layers of thin walled parenchyma cells with intercellular spaces

Question 28

inner layer of cortex is known as?

Answer 28

endodermis

Question 29

what does endodermis consist of?

Answer 29

single layer of barrel shaped cells w no intercellular spaces

Question 30

what are casparian strips?

Answer 30

deposition of water impermeable waxy material suberin present in the radial and tangential walls of endodermal cells

Question 31

what is pericycle?

Answer 31

thick walled parenchymatous cells present next to endodermis

Question 32

what does pericycle do?

Answer 32

initiation of lateral roots and vascular cambium during secondary growth

Question 33

what is conjunctive tissue?

Answer 33

parenchymal cells present between xylem and phloem

Question 34

what makes up the stele?

Answer 34

pericycle, endodermis, vascular bundles

Question 35

characters present in monocot root that are absent in dicot?

Answer 35

ployarch xylem bundles pith is large dont undergoes secondary growth

Question 36

outermost protective layer of dicot stem

Answer 36

epidermis

Question 37

what does epidermis bear

Answer 37

trichomes and stomata

Question 38

what constitutes the cortex?

Answer 38

cells arranged in multiple layers between epidermis and pericycle

Question 39

3 sub zones of the cortex are?

Answer 39

outer hypodermis cortical layer endodermis

Question 40

what does hypodermis consist of and its role?

Answer 40

collenchyma cells below epidermis and helps with mechanical strength for young stem

Question 41

what does cortical layers consist of?

Answer 41

thin walled parenchyma cells with conspicuous intercellular spaces

Question 42

the cells of the endodermis are rich in starch grains this layer is know as

Answer 42

starch sheath

Question 43

where and how is pericycle present?

Answer 43

inner side of endodermis and above the phloem in the form of semi lunar patches of sclerenchyma

Question 44

what constitutes the medullary rays

Answer 44

radially placed parenchymatous cells in between vascular bundles

Question 45

how is each vascular bundle in the dicot stem structured?

Answer 45

conjoint, open w endarch protoxylem

Question 46

what is the characteristic of dicot stem?

Answer 46

ring arrangement of vascular bundles

Question 47

what is pith in dicot stem?

Answer 47

large number of rounded, parenchymatous cells w large intercellular spaces occupying central portion

Question 48

features of monocot stem

Answer 48

sclerenchymatous hypodermis scattered vascular bundles surrounded by schelerenchymatos bundle sheath large conspicuous parenchymatous ground tissue

Question 49

are the vascular bundles in monocot stem radial or conjoint?

Answer 49

conjoint

Question 50

peripheral vascular bundles are ____________ than centrally located ones

Answer 50

smaller

Question 51

what is absent in monocot stem

Answer 51

phloem parenchyma

Question 52

what are present with vascular bundles in monocot stem?

Answer 52

water containing cavities

Question 53

vertical section of dorsiventral leaf shows three part namely?

Answer 53

epidermis, mesophyll, vascular system

Question 54

diff b/w adaxial and abaxial epidermis

Answer 54

abaxial - has more stomata adaxial- has less/no stomata

Question 55

tissue between adaxial and abaxial epidermis is known as ?

Answer 55

mesophyll

Question 56

mesophyll possess chloroplast and help w photosynthesis = T/F

Answer 56

true

Question 57

mesophyll is made up of?

Answer 57

palisade and spongy parenchyma

Question 58

how are palisade cells arranged?

Answer 58

adaxially- placed vertically and parallel to each other

Question 59

how are spongy cells arranged?

Answer 59

loosely, below palisade cells and extend into lower epidermis numerous large spaces and air cavities

Question 60

where can vascular bundles be seen in dicot leaf?

Answer 60

mid rib and veins

Question 61

size of vascular bundles depend on?

Answer 61

size of veins

Question 62

vascular bundles are surrounded by?

Answer 62

bundle sheath cells

Question 63

what are the characteristic differences shown by monocot leaves?

Answer 63

stomata present on both layers of epidermis mesophyll not differentiated into palisade and spongy

Question 64

what are bulliform cells?

Answer 64

large, empty, colorless cells present in grass

Question 65

what happens when bulliform cells are turgid?

Answer 65

leaf surface is exposed

Question 66

what happens when bulliform cells are flaccid?

Answer 66

leaves curl up to minimize water loss