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Biology > Anatomy of flowering plants > Flashcards

Anatomy of flowering plants Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

On the basis of structure and location what are the three types of tissue systems?

A

Epidermal, ground, vascular

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2
Q

what does epidermal tissue system comprise of?

A

epidermal cells, stomata, epidermal appendages- trichomes and hairs

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3
Q

what is epidermis made up of?

A

elongated, compactly arranged cells which form a continuous single layer

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4
Q

characteristic of epidermal cells

A

parenchymal with a small amount of cytoplasm lining the cell wall and large vacuole

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5
Q

what is cuticle and what does it help in?

A

it is the outside of the epidermis covered w a waxy thick layer and prevents loss of water

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6
Q

where is cuticle absent?

A

roots

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7
Q

role of stomata

A

controls transpiration and exchange of gases

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8
Q

bean shaped cells which enclose stomatal pore

A

guard cells

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9
Q

how are guard cells diff in grass?

A

dumb bell shaped

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10
Q

wall structure of guard cells

A

outer walls of guard cells are thin and inner walls are highly thickened

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11
Q

what do guard cells posses and their role

A

chloroplast, opening and closing of stomata

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12
Q

subsidiary cells

A

when guard cells in the vicinity of guard cells become specialized in shape and size

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13
Q

what are root hairs and its role?

A

UNICELLULAR elongations of the epidermal cells, help in absorbing water and minerals

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14
Q

stomatal apparatus

A

stomatal aperture, guard cells, subsidiary cells

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15
Q

what are trichomes and its role

A

MULTICELLULAR, stem epidermal hairs
may be secretory, help in preventing water loss during transpiration

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16
Q

constitution of ground tissue

A

all tissues except epidermis and vascular bundles
parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma

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17
Q

where are parenchymatous cells usually present?

A

P- pith
C- cortex
M- medullary rays
P- pericycle
P- primary stem
R- root

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18
Q

mesophyll

A

thin walled cells containing chloroplast

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19
Q

vascular tissue system consists of?

A

xylem and phhloem

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20
Q

what is present is dicot stem that is absent in monocot stem?

A

cambium

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21
Q

what does cambium help in

A

possesses the ability to form secondary xylem and phloem tissues
open vascular bundles

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22
Q

do monocot have cambium?

A

no hence called closed vascular bundles

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23
Q

what is radial arrangement

A

when xylem and phloem are present in alternating manner along diff radii- present in rootts

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24
Q

what is conjoint vascular bundles

A

when xylem and phloem are present along the same radius and phloem is mostly located on the outer side- present in stems and leaves

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25
Q

outermost layer in dicot root is known as?

A

epiblema

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26
Q

cells of epiblema protrude as?

A

UNICELLULAR root hairs

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27
Q

what does the cortex consist of?

A

several layers of thin walled parenchyma cells with intercellular spaces

28
Q

inner layer of cortex is known as?

A

endodermis

29
Q

what does endodermis consist of?

A

single layer of barrel shaped cells w no intercellular spaces

30
Q

what are casparian strips?

A

deposition of water impermeable waxy material suberin present in the radial and tangential walls of endodermal cells

31
Q

what is pericycle?

A

thick walled parenchymatous cells present next to endodermis

32
Q

what does pericycle do?

A

initiation of lateral roots and vascular cambium during secondary growth

33
Q

what is conjunctive tissue?

A

parenchymal cells present between xylem and phloem

34
Q

what makes up the stele?

A

pericycle, endodermis, vascular bundles

35
Q

characters present in monocot root that are absent in dicot?

A

ployarch xylem bundles
pith is large
dont undergoes secondary growth

36
Q

outermost protective layer of dicot stem

A

epidermis

37
Q

what does epidermis bear

A

trichomes and stomata

38
Q

what constitutes the cortex?

A

cells arranged in multiple layers between epidermis and pericycle

39
Q

3 sub zones of the cortex are?

A

outer hypodermis
cortical layer
endodermis

40
Q

what does hypodermis consist of and its role?

A

collenchyma cells below epidermis and helps with mechanical strength for young stem

41
Q

what does cortical layers consist of?

A

thin walled parenchyma cells with conspicuous intercellular spaces

42
Q

the cells of the endodermis are rich in starch grains this layer is know as

A

starch sheath

43
Q

where and how is pericycle present?

A

inner side of endodermis and above the phloem in the form of semi lunar patches of sclerenchyma

44
Q

what constitutes the medullary rays

A

radially placed parenchymatous cells in between vascular bundles

45
Q

how is each vascular bundle in the dicot stem structured?

A

conjoint, open w endarch protoxylem

46
Q

what is the characteristic of dicot stem?

A

ring arrangement of vascular bundles

47
Q

what is pith in dicot stem?

A

large number of rounded, parenchymatous cells w large intercellular spaces occupying central portion

48
Q

features of monocot stem

A

sclerenchymatous hypodermis
scattered vascular bundles surrounded by schelerenchymatos bundle sheath
large conspicuous parenchymatous ground tissue

49
Q

are the vascular bundles in monocot stem radial or conjoint?

A

conjoint

50
Q

peripheral vascular bundles are ____________ than centrally located ones

A

smaller

51
Q

what is absent in monocot stem

A

phloem parenchyma

52
Q

what are present with vascular bundles in monocot stem?

A

water containing cavities

53
Q

vertical section of dorsiventral leaf shows three part namely?

A

epidermis, mesophyll, vascular system

54
Q

diff b/w adaxial and abaxial epidermis

A

abaxial - has more stomata
adaxial- has less/no stomata

55
Q

tissue between adaxial and abaxial epidermis is known as ?

A

mesophyll

56
Q

mesophyll possess chloroplast and help w photosynthesis = T/F

A

true

57
Q

mesophyll is made up of?

A

palisade and spongy parenchyma

58
Q

how are palisade cells arranged?

A

adaxially- placed vertically and parallel to each other

59
Q

how are spongy cells arranged?

A

loosely, below palisade cells and extend into lower epidermis
numerous large spaces and air cavities

60
Q

where can vascular bundles be seen in dicot leaf?

A

mid rib and veins

61
Q

size of vascular bundles depend on?

A

size of veins

62
Q

vascular bundles are surrounded by?

A

bundle sheath cells

63
Q

what are the characteristic differences shown by monocot leaves?

A

stomata present on both layers of epidermis
mesophyll not differentiated into palisade and spongy

64
Q

what are bulliform cells?

A

large, empty, colorless cells present in grass

65
Q

what happens when bulliform cells are turgid?

A

leaf surface is exposed

66
Q

what happens when bulliform cells are flaccid?

A

leaves curl up to minimize water loss

Biology (3 decks)

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