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Anatomy Of Flowering Plants > Anatomy Of Flowering Plants > Flashcards

Anatomy Of Flowering Plants Flashcards

1
Q

What are simple tissue
State it’s examples

A

Simple tissues are made up of only one type of cells
Example parenchyma collenchyma and sclerenchyma

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2
Q

What are complex tissues
Give examples

A

Complex tissues are made up of different types of cells working together as a unitt
Example xylem phloem and tracheids

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3
Q

Define parenchyma

A

They form the major component of the organs
They are isodiametric they may be spherical, round ,oval, polygonal or elongated in shape. They are packed or have small intercellular space between them. The walls are made up of cellulose

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4
Q

Functions of parenchyma

A

They perform photosynthesis, storage and secretion

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5
Q

Describe collenchyma

A

They occur below the epidermis in most dicotyledonous plants found as homogeneous layer ir as patches cell walls are much thickened due to deposition of cellulose pectin and hemicellulose
They are oval spherical or polygonal in shape. Intercellular spaces are absent

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6
Q

Functions of collenchyma

A

It provides mechanical support to growing parts of the plant such as young stem and petiole

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7
Q

Define sclerenchyma

A

They are long, narrow cells with thick and lignified cell walls. They are dead cells and usually do not have protoplasts

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8
Q

What are the two types of sclerenchyma and define them and state location and functions

A

Fibre:thick walled elongated pointed cells with few or numerous pits and occuring groups in different parts of the plant

Sclereids: are oval spherical or cylindrical highly thick walled dead cells with very narrow cavity called lumen

Found in walls of nuts pulp of fruits
Gives mechanical support to organs

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9
Q

Define xylem and it’s different types

A

Xylem is a conducting tissue for water and minerals from roots to different parts of the plant
It also provides mechanical support to plant parts
Xylem is composed of: tracheids
Xylem fibres
Vessels
Xylem parenchyma

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10
Q

Define xylem and it’s different types

A

Xylem is a conducting tissue for water and minerals from roots to different parts of the plant
It also provides mechanical support to plant parts
Xylem is composed of: tracheids
Xylem fibres
Vessels
Xylem parenchyma

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11
Q

_____ lacks vessels in their xylem

A

Gymnosperms

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12
Q

Define tracheids

A

Tracheids are elongated or tube like cells which have thick and lignified walls and tapering ends. The inner layers of the cell walls are thickened and may vary in forms these are dead cells without protoplasm

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13
Q

Tracheids and vessels are the main elements of transport system in_____

A

Flowering plants

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14
Q

Define vessels

A

It is a long cylindrical tube like structure made up of many cells called vessel members each with lignified cell walls and a large central cavity they do not have protoplasm the vessels are interconnected by perforations in their common walls.

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15
Q

Presence of vessels is a characteristic feature of _____

A

Angiosperms

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16
Q

Define xylem fibres

A

Xylem fibres have highly thickened walls and obliterated central lumens. They may be either septate or aseptate

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17
Q

Define xylem parenchyma

A

These are living and thin walled cells and are made up of cellulose they store food material in the form of starch or fat and other substances like tannis, radia

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18
Q

Conduction of water takes place by____

A

Ray parenchyma

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19
Q

State the two types of primary xylem and define them

A

Primary xylem is of two types
Protoxylem: first formed primary xylem elements
Mataxylem: the later formed primary xylem elements

20
Q

What is the arrangement of xylem in stems

A

The protoxylem lies towards the centre or pith and mate xylem towards the periphery of the organ
This is called endorch

21
Q

Define the arrangement of xylem in roots

A

The proto xylem lies towards the periphery and metaxylem lies towards the centre of the organ tis is called exarch

22
Q

According to their functions tissues are broadly classified into

A

Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Muscular tissue
Neural tissue

23
Q

What are the two main characteristics of epithelial tissue

A

This tissue has a free surface which faces either a body fluid or the outside environment and thus provides a covering or a lining for some part of the body

The cells are compactly packed with Little intercellular matrix

24
Q

Differentiate between simple epithelial tissue and compound epithelial tissue

A

Simple epithelial tissue is composed of a single layer of cells … Compound epithelial tissue is composed of two or more layers of cells

Simple serves as a lining for body cavities,ducts and tubes…. Compound is protective in function

25
Q

Simple epithelial tissue can be divided in

A

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar

26
Q

Squamous epithelium

A

Is made up of a single -thin layer of flatterned cells with irregular boundaries they are found in walls of blood vessels and aur sacks of the lungs
Functions … They form a diffusion boundary

27
Q

Cuboidal epithelium

A

It consists of cube like cells
It is found in the ducts of glands and the tabular parts of the nephron
Function… They carry out secretion and absorption

28
Q

Columnar epithelium

A

Consist of a single layer of tall and slender cells and their nuclei are located at the base their free surface may be microvilli
Found in lining of instestine stomach and colon
Functions…. Carry out secretion and absorption

29
Q

What is ciliated epithelium? Give its location and functions

A

If the columnar or cuboidal cells bear cilia on their free surface they are called ciliated epithelium.
They are found in the inner lining surface of hollow organs such as bronchioles and fallopian tubes. It helps to move particles such as ovum zygote mucus in a specific direction over the epithelium

30
Q

What are granular epithelium

A

Some of the columnar of cuboidal cells get specialised for secretion and are called glandular epithelium

31
Q

What are the two types of glandular epithelium

A

Unicellular consists of isolated or single glandular cells ex goblet cells of alimentary canal

Multicellular consists of a cluster or group of cells involved in secretion ex salivary glands

32
Q

What are exocrine glands

A

These glands release their secretions through ducts or tubes
The secretions released could be mucus saliva ear wax sebum milk digestive enzymes

33
Q

What are endocrine glands

A

These are ductless glands
The secretions are called hormones and they are poured directly into the blood or the fluid surrounding the gland

34
Q

What is compound epithelium

A

Epithelium that is made up of more than one layer of cells is called compound epithelium

35
Q

Location of compound epithelium

A

Cover the dry surface of skin, moist surface of buccal cavity, pharynx, inner lining of ducts of salivary glands and of pancreatic glands

36
Q

Functions of compound epithelium

A

Function is to provide protection against mechanical and chemical stresses they have limited role in secretion and absorption

37
Q

Define junctions

A

Structural and functional links between individual cells of animal tissues are called junctions

38
Q

What are the three types of junctions and define them

A

Tight junction: they help to stop substances from leaking across a tissue

Adhering junctions: act as sementing material holding neighbouring cells together

Gap junctions: help the cells to communicate with each other by connecting the cytoplasm of adjoining cells for rapid transfer of ions small molecules and sometimes big molecules

39
Q

What is the most abundant tissue found in animals

A

Connective tissue

40
Q

What is the function of connective tissue

A

To link or bind different tissues or organs

To provide the structural framework or mechanical support to the body

Involved in body defence, tissues repair , fat storage

41
Q

Parts of connective tissue

A

Cells … Secrete protein fibres , that are loosely arranged in the Matrix

Extracellular matrix …. Which is made up of fibres, amosphous ground substance and tissue fluid

42
Q

Types of connective tissue

A

Loose Connective tissue
Dense connective tissue
Specialised Connective tissue

43
Q

Loose Connective tissue with example

A

Consist of cells and fibres loosely arranged in a semi fluid ground substance

Eh areolar tissue
Adipose tissue

44
Q

Areolar tissue

A

It is present beneath the skin
It serves as a support framework for the appipilium

Ut contains fibroblast, marcrophages and mass cells

45
Q

Adipose tissue

A

It is located beneath the skin
The cells of these tissue store fats
The excess of nutrients which are not used imitrallu are converted into fats and are stored in this tissue

Anatomy Of Flowering Plants (2 decks)

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