Anatomy of female genital system

Question 1

What is the Vulva?

Answer 1

Female external genital structures are collectively called the vulva and consists of:
- Mons veneris
- Clitoris
- Labia Majora
- Labia Minora
- Vestibule
- Hymen

Question 2

What is Mons Veneris?

Answer 2

is a pad of fat overlying the symphysis pubis and covered by skin & hairs

Question 3

What is Clitoris

Answer 3

an erectile cavernous structure situated below the symphysis pubis. It is homologous to the penis in the male, and Is formed of a small glans (sensitive structure) and a body (formed of two corpora cavernous).

Question 4

What is Labia Majora?

Answer 4

-The outer two skin folds, raised by underlying fat.
-Passing back from the monis veneris to perineum.
- The outer skin is covered by hair while the inner medial surface is smooth, hairless and contains sebaceous and sweat glands.

Question 5

What is Labia Minora?

Answer 5

• They are homologous to the scrotum in the male, and contain fat and Bartholin Gland
• These are two thin folds of modified skin situated medial to the labia majora,
  -The labia minora are very vascular and become turgid during coitus.

Question 6

Anatomy of Labia minora

Answer 6

Anteriorly: they divide Into two folds (prepuce and frenulum of glans).
- Posteriorly: they meet to form the fourchette that is separated from the hymen by a depression known as the ‘fossa navicularis”.

Question 7

What is the vestibule?

Answer 7

• The vestibule is the area between the inner aspects of the labia rninora and the fourchette.
• It is continuous posteriorly with the vaginal opening (vaginal orifice or introitus),

Question 8

Structure that open in the vestibule

Answer 8

1.The urethra.
2. The vagina
3. Bartholln’s glands duct

Question 9

What is the hymen

Answer 9

The hymen is a membrane, situated about 2 cm from the vestibule that demarcates the external from the internal genital organs, and partially closes the vaginal orifice.

Question 10

When does the hymen penetrate?

Answer 10

The hymen Is usually torn by the first Intercourse unless the opening is unusually large or the hymen itself is elastic, Further lacerations occur on repeated Intercourse.

Question 11

Remnants of the hymen In parous women are called

Answer 11

carunculae myrtiformis

Question 12

Bartholin Glands situated in

Answer 12

Labia Majora (at the junction of its posterior and middle third)

Question 13

Bartholin Glands open in

Answer 13

between the hymen and labia minora

Question 14

Function of bartholine glands

Answer 14

They secrete mucus during sexual excitement to apt as a lubricant.

Question 15

An obstructed bartholin gland may develop:

Answer 15

Bartholine cyst or abscess

Question 16

Length of female urethra

Answer 16

4 cm

Question 17

Vulva arterial Supply

Answer 17

1. Internal Pudendal Artery
2. Branches of Femoral Artery
3. Superficial and deep external pudendal artery

Question 18

Vulval nerve supply

Answer 18

Mainly by:
- Pudendal N. (S2,3,4)

Additional sensory nerve from:
1. Ilioinguinal n. L1
2. Genital branch of genitofemoral n. L1,2
3. Posterior cutaneous n. of the thigh

Question 19

Length of the vagina

Answer 19

Anterior wall: 8-9 cm
Posterior wall: 10 cm

Question 20

Why does vagina’s mucous membrane is into rugae

Answer 20

vaginal mucous membrane is folded into rugae to allow the vagina to be distended during delivery

Question 21

Vaginal arterial supply

Answer 21

Mainly by:
- Vaginal artery (branch of internal iliac artery)

Additional branches to lower branches:
1. middle rectal artery
2. inferior rectal artery

Question 22

Vaginal venous drainage

Answer 22

Vaginal plexus into internal iliac vein

Question 23

Vaginal Lymphatic drainage

Answer 23

Upper 2/3: External Iliac, Internal Iliac and Sacral LN
Lower 1/3: Superficial Inguinal LN

Question 24

Vaginal Nerve supply

Answer 24

Pudendal Nerve

Question 25

Ligaments attached to upper vagina

Answer 25

1. Pubocervical (Ant.)
2. Mackrodent’s (Lat.)
3. Uterosacral (Post.)

Question 26

Applied anatomy of vaginal posterior fornix

Answer 26

offers a passage to the Douglas pouch to perform culdoscopy, culdocentesis or drainage of pelvic abscess.

Question 27

Landmark of performing pudendal nerve block

Answer 27

Ischial spine

Question 28

Structures attached to uterus Cornu

Answer 28

1. Round ligament (anteriorly)
2. Fallobian Tube (centrally)
   3.Ovarian ligament (posteriorly)

[collectively known as Adnexa]

Question 29

What is the cervix?

Answer 29

is the elongated lower part of the uterus measuring 2.5-3 cm

Question 30

Normal position of the uterus

Answer 30

Anteverted ante flexed

Question 31

Anatomical relations of the body of the uterus

Answer 31

Anteriorly: Bladder - vesicouterine pouch
Posteriorly: Douglas Pouch
Laterally: The broad ligament