ANATOMY OF F. PLANTS Flashcards
1
Q
Types of meristimatic tissue
A
Apical
Intercalary
Lateral or secondary
2
Q
Primary meristem originate from
A
Promeristem
3
Q
2nd dary meristem originate from
A
From permanent tissue as new meristem
4
Q
1° meristem is found in
A
Stem tip, root tips and appendages
5
Q
2°meristem is found
A
At vascular cambium, interf cam, cork cam and wood cam
6
Q
Function of meristem
A
Increase in length and girth
7
Q
Father of anatomy
A
N.grew
8
Q
First studied the anatomy of veg plantz
A
Marcello mapighi and n .grew
9
Q
Structure of meristimatic tissue
A
Similar thin cell wall no intercellular space dense cyto, large nucleus small vacuoles
10
Q
Apical meristem present in
A
root tip shoot tip and auxillary bud
11
Q
Function of apical
A
increase in length
12
Q
Apical Cells differentiate into
A
permanent tissue
13
Q
Intercalary meristem present in
A
base of leaves and internodes
14
Q
Function of intercalary meritem
A
Increase in length of plant
15
Q
intercalary cells differentiate into
A
permanent tissue
16
Q
Lateral or secondary meristem present in
A
parallel to the long axis of stem ; mature roots and shoots
17
Q
Lateral meristem function
A
increase in girth
18
Q
Lateral meristem cells differentiate into
A
cambium and cork cambium
19
Q
Examples of Lateral meristem
A
Fascicular vascular cam, interf cam, cork cam
20
Q
Walls of parenchyma made of
A
cellulose or calcium pectin
21
Q
The most common and least specialised plant tissue
A
Parenchyma
22
Q
Parenchyma locations
A
pith cortex roots medullary of stems mesophylls of leaves
23
Q
Main function of parenchyma
A
Storage of food material
24
Q
potato tubers store starch in the form of
A
amyloplasts
25
Other functions of parenchyma
1) photosynthesis
2) buoyancy
3) transport of water and minerals
26
Parenchyma in aquatic plants
arenchyma
27
Corners of collenchyma cells are thickened due to
Deposition of
cellulose
hemicellulose
pectin
28
Types of collenchyma
angular
lamellate
lacunate
29
Locations of Collenchyma tissues
1) below the epidermis in dicot stems
2) In petiole
3) Midrib of dicot leaves
30
Collenchyma is abesnt in
1) Dicot root
| 2) Monocot roots, stems and leaves
31
Main function of collenchyma
give mechanical support to the growing regions of plants like young stems and petiole of leaves
32
Other functions of collenchyma
1) provide tensile strength and flexibility
| 2) Manufacture sugar and starch
33
The dead plant tissue
Sclerenchyma
34
Cell walls of sclerenchyma is due to
lignin
35
Middle lamella in sclerenchyma is made up of
calcium pectate
36
types of sclerenchyma
fibres and sclereids
37
Locations of Sclerenchyma fibres
```
where mechanical strength are req like :
petiole
leaves
cortex
around vascular bundles
```
38
Locations of Sclerenchyma sclereids
```
fruit walls
pulp of fruits
seed coats of legumes
leaves of tea
stony fruits
```
39
Main function of sclerenchyma
Mechanical support
Due to lignin, they have high tensile strength
Withstand strong winds or other forces that bend the plants
40
Types of xylem
tracheids
vessels
wood or xylem parenchyma
xylem or wood fibres
41
Vascular bundles present in
stems roots and leaves
42
Main water transporting elements in flowering plants
Tracheids and vessels
43
Functions of tracheids
Give mechanical support
| Form channels with vessels
44
Tracheids are present in which types of plants
pteridophytes, gymnosperms and xylem of dicots
45
Vessels are present in which types of plants
Angiosperms
Absent in gymnosperms ND PTERIDOPHYTES
46
functions of vessels
Give mechanical support
| Conduction of water and mineral salts
47
Only living elements of xylem tissues
Wood or xylem parenchyma
48
Vessels form
medullary rays
49
Funcrions of vessels
Storage of food in the form of STARCH/FATs or TANNINS
| Conduction of water by the ray parenchymatous cells
50
Function of xylem or wood fibres
Give mechanical support
51
Does xylem or wood fibres conduct water
No
52
Two types of xylem according to their time of appearance
Primary and Secondary Xylem
53
Types of Primary xylem according to their time of appearance
Protoxylem and metaxylem
54
primary xylem is formed from
procambium
55
Primary xylem brings about
Increase in length
56
Which is formed first ..Protoxylem or metaxylem
Protoxylem
57
How is the protoxylem lignified
only In rings or in spiral form.
| therefore they are stretchable and are present in the elongating cells
58
Which becomes non functional as plant matures...Proto or meta xylem
Protoxylem
59
Metaxylem are functional till
Secondary growth in dicots
| Throughout life in monocots
60
Types of xylem in terms of the arrangement of protoxylem and metaxylem
Exarch
endarch
measarch
centrach
61
The type of xylem present in roots
exarch
62
The type of xylem present in stems
Endarch
63
Arrangements of the Xylem (exarch..endarch..)
```
Endarch = protoxylem ..Inside meta...outside
Exarch = protoxylem..Outside Meta... inside
Mesarch= protoxylem..middle
Centrach= protoxylem ...centre
```
64
Types of phloem
Sieve tube
Companion cells
Phloem parenchyma
Phloem fibres
65
The only dead Phloem tissue
phloem fibres
66
Functions of sieve tubes controlled by
Nucleus of companion cells
67
Companion cells are found only in which type of plant
Angiosperms
68
____ + _____ come from the same mother cell
Sieve tube and companion cell.
| Therefore, the death of one will result in the death of another
69
Functions of companion cells
Maintaining pressure gradient in sieve tubes
| Help sieve tube members in translocation of food materials
70
Secondary phloem is formed from
Vascular cambium
71
Phloem parenchyma is present only in (type of plants)
Dicots
72
Functions of phloem parenchyma
Storage of food, resin , latex,mucilage,etc
| Help in slow conduction of food esp to the sides
73
The phloem tissue imp fro commercial production
Phloem or bast fibres
74
What are special tissues
concerned with secretion and excretion
75
The two types of Secretory tissues
Glandular and laticiferous tissues
76
Epidermal tissue system is derived from
protoderm
77
Epidermal tissue system consists of
Epidermal cells, stomata, trichomes and hair
78
Cuticle is absent in
young roots
79
root epidermis consists of
rhizodermis, epiblema, piliferous layer
80
Function of cuticle
Check the excessive evaporation of water
81
The stomatal apparatus includes
stomatal aperture, guard cell and subsidiary cell
82
Shoot epidermis is also know as
Trichomes
83
The two types of epidermal outgrowths
trichomes and emergences
84
The main difference of emergences from trichomes
They are formed not only from epidermis but also from outer cortical cells
85
ground tissue system is partly derived from
periblem and plerome
86
Ground tissue system is of two types
extrastelar and intrastelar
87
Extrastelar includes
cortex
88
Intrastelar includes
pericycle , pith and medullary rays
89
vascular tissues present in
Tracheophytes ( Gymnosperms, angiosperms and pteridophytes)
90
In which is the cambium present? (open / closed)
Open
91
Dicot are ___ and Monocots are ____ (in terms of open or closed)
Dicots are open and monocts are closed
92
Types of conjoint
Collateral and Bicollateral
93
Types of concentric
Amphicribral/ hadrocentric and amphivasal/ leptocentric
