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SS Anatomy > Anatomy Of Eye > Flashcards

Anatomy Of Eye Flashcards

1
Q

With regards orbital margin, superior formed of…..showing…., med….,lat….., inferiorly…..

A

Frontal b, supraorbital formaen
Frontal and maxilla
Frontal and zygomatic
Zygomatic and maxilla

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2
Q

Roof of orbit is formed of…..,while floor is formed of…….

A

R,Orbital plate of frontal bone
Lesser wing of sphenoid
F, maxilla, zygoma, orbital plate of palatine bone

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3
Q

The medial wall of orbit is formed of….while lateral wall is formed of…..

A

M, maxilla, lacrimal bone, orbital plate of ethmoid, body of sphenoid
L, frontal process of zygomatic, greater wing of sphenoid

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4
Q

Enumerate conents of superior orbital fissure in different compartments

A

Lat, lacrimal, frontal, trochlear, superior ophthalmic vein
Mid, superior division of III, nasocillariry, inf division of III, abducent
Med, inferior ophthalmic vein, sympathetic nerves from plexus around ICA
Med and mid lie WITHIN tendionous ring

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5
Q

Mentuon conetnets of inferior orbital fissure

A
  1. Continuation of maxillary n (or inflraorbital n)
  2. Zygomatic nerve
  3. Orbital branches of pterygopalatine ganglion
  4. Infraorbital vessels
  5. Communication between inf ophthalmic v and pterygoid plexus of veins
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6
Q

All contents of orbit are found inside periosteum except…..

A

Infraorbital nerve and vessels
Zygomatic nerve

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7
Q

Describe extension of orbital periosteum

A

Posteriorly cont with dura mater and sheath of optic n, ant cont with periosteum and thickened
Sends flap-like curtains into eyelids called orbital septum

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8
Q

Ddescribe extension of bulbar fascia

A

Extends from optic nerve to limbus

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9
Q

Enumerate expansions of bulbar fascia

A
  1. Tubular sheath around extraocular muscles
  2. Medial and lat check ligents from sheaths of med and lat recti respectively
  3. Suspensory ligament (hammock)
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10
Q

Describe origin and insertion of recti muscles

A

O, all origitante from common tendinous ring which is laterally attached to bony projection in lower border of superior orbital fissure, and medially attached to optic canal
I, inserted in front of the equator of the eye ball posterior to the limbus

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11
Q

Describe attachments of SO muscle

A

O, roof of orbit (lesser wing of sphenoid) runs in medial wall of orbit then passes through fibro-cartiagenous pulley in trochear fossa and changes its direction to pass lat and back below SR
INS, into sclera behind equator of the eyeball

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12
Q

Describe origin and ins of IO

A

O, floor of orbit (maxilla lat to lacrimal groove passes lat anf back below IR
INS, into sclera behind equator of the eyeball

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13
Q

Describe origin and ins of LPS

A

O, orbital surface of lesser wing of sphenoid antero-superior to optic canal
I, flat tendon splits into lamella inserted into: skin of upper eyelid, superior tarsus (Muller muscle), superior fornix

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14
Q

Describe CN III supply of extra-occular msucles

A

Sup division, SR and LPS
Inf division IO, MR, IR

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15
Q

Mention extra-ocular muscles having the following action:
1. Adduction
2. Abduction
3. Intorsion
4. Extorsion

A
  1. MR, SR, IR
  2. LR, SO, IO
  3. SR, SO
  4. IR, IO
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16
Q

Mention the intraocular muscles and supply

A

Constrictor pupillae (parasympathetic)
Dilator pupilae (symp)
Ciliary muscle for accomodation of near vision (para)

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17
Q

Lacrimal gland has…..duct. Its arterial supply is……

A

12
Lacrimal branch of ophthalmic art

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18
Q

Describe the pathway of secretomotor fibers to lacrimal gland

A

Superior salivatory nucleus of facial nerve that gives preganglionic parasymp fibers as superficial greater petrosal nerve then n. to pterygoid canal then relays in pterygopalatine ganglion and gives postganglion para fibers in zygomatic n then zygomaticotemporal n the communicating branch to lacrimal n to lacrimal gland

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19
Q

Conjunctival sac is located between……

A

Bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva

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20
Q

The reflection of conjunctiva forms……

A

Superior and inferior fornices

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21
Q

The nasolacrimal duct opens into…..

A

Inferior meatus of nose

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22
Q

Enumerate parts of optic nerve and their length

A

Intra-orbital part, 25 mm
Intra-canalicular, 5 mm
Intra-cranial, 10 mm

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23
Q

Describe position of ciliary ganglion

A

Between optic nerve and tendon of lateral rectus

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24
Q

……pierce the optic nerve, while…..cross it

A

Central artery and vein of retina
Ophthalmic art, nasociliary n, superior ophthalmic vein

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25
Q

Describe arterial supply of optoc nerve

A

Intracranial part by superior hypophyseal art
Intracanalicular by branches of ophthalmic
Intraorbital by posterior ciliary arteries and central art of retina

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26
Q

Describe supplied areas of each of the following:
1. Lacrimal n
2. Supratrochlear n
3. Supraorbital n

A
  1. Lacrimal gland and lat part of upper lid
  2. Skin of forehead and upper eyelid
  3. Frontal air sinus and skin of forehead and scalp upto vertex
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27
Q

Enumerate branches of the nasociliary n

A
  1. Communicating branches to ciloary ganglion
  2. Long ciliary nerves to cornea, iris and ciliary body (sensory), motor to dilator pupilae (symp)
  3. Posterior ethmoidal passes throigh its foramen to supply ethmoidal and sphenoidal air sinuses
  4. Anterior ethmoidal passes through its foramen to cranial cavity then passes on side of crista gali to nasal cavity, leaves nasal cavity as extenal nasal n to skin of nose
  5. Infratrochlear n, supplies skin of upper eyelid and side of nose
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28
Q

CN III inside cranium passes between……(vessels).
Describe its autonomic role

A

Superior cerebellar and PCA
Nerve to IO carries parasympathetic fibers to constrictor pupilae and ciliaris muscles

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29
Q

Describe course of trochlear inside brain stem

A

Runs dorsally inside midbrain and decussates so each trochlear n supplies opposite SO muscle

30
Q

Describe CP of damage of:
1. Oculomotor
2. Trochlear
3. Abducent

A
  1. Lateral squint, ptosis, mydriasis, loss of accomodation, slight proptosis and diplopia.
  2. Diplopia on looking downwards
  3. Medial squint and diplopia
31
Q

Mention branches of opthalmic nerve

A

Frontal, nasociliary, lacrimal

32
Q

The postganglionic parasymp fibers from ciliary ganglion reach target muscles via…….

A

Short ciliary nerves

33
Q

Describe autonomic role of long ciliary n

A

Symp to dilator pupilae muscle

34
Q

Sympathetic root of ciliary ganglion is from…..

A

Internal carotid art plexus (superior cervical ganglion)

35
Q

Mention branches of ciliary ganglion

A

Eff post ganglion symp to bv. and para to ciliary m and constrictor pupilae
Afferent sensory from eye ball

36
Q

Ophthalmic art passes between…..

A

SO and MR

37
Q

Enumerate branches of ophthalmic art

A

Central retinal, posterior ciliary, miscluar, medial palpebral, lacrimal, and and post ethmoidal, supraorbital
Supratrochlear and dorsal nasal (terminal)

38
Q

The artery which passes within substance of optic n is….

A

Central retinal art

39
Q

Post ciliary arts supply….while ant supply…..

A

Choroid and iris
Ocular muscles

40
Q

Enumerate branches of lacrimal branch of ophthalmic

A

Lateral palpebral, zygomatic, meningeal branchea

41
Q

Medial palpebral arts supply……

A

Upper and lower eyelids

42
Q

Lymphatics of orbit drain into…..

A

Pre-auricular (parotid) LN

43
Q

Palpebral part of o.oculi m is found in….

A

Superficial fascia

44
Q

Orbital seprum is formed by……, while…….are found at lid margins and stiffen them.

A

Palpebral fascia
Tarsi

45
Q

Describe blood supply of eyelids

A

Art, medial and lateral palpebral ligaments
Ven, ophthalmic and facial veins

46
Q

Describe nerve syupply of eyelids

A

Upper eyelid by branches of ophthalmic
Lower eyelid by branches of infraorbital

47
Q

Describe lymph drainage of eyelids

A

Med to submandibular nodes
Lat to preauricular nodes

48
Q

Write a short note of sources of each structure of the eye

A

Neuroectoderm: optic n, retina, ciliary body, iris
Surface ectoderm: lens vesicle, epithelium of cornea
Mesoderm: choroid, sclera, cornea ex epithelium, ant chamber, vitreous body

49
Q

The optic vesicle appears in…..

A

End of 4th week

50
Q

Outer layer of optic cup gives….
Post 4/5 of inner layer gives….
Ant 1/5 gives…..

A

Pigment layer of retina
Remaining layer of retina
Ciliary body and iris

51
Q

The lips of choroid fissure fuse during….., the mouth optic cup forms…., the hyaloid artery forms…., the optic stalk forms…..

A

7th week
Pupil
Central retinal art
Optic nerve

52
Q

In the eye, …..corresponds to pia, while……corresponds to dura

A

Vascularized pigmented choroid layer
Sclera

53
Q

Describe the results of vacuolization of mesenchyme of the eye

A

Anterior chamber is formed with iridopupillary membrane inside and substantia propria of the cornea outside.

54
Q

Mention the results of incomplete resorption of iridopupillary membrane

A

CT strands in front of the pupil

55
Q

A cleft in lower part of iris is called….., while the absence of the eye is called…..

A

Coloboma iridis
Anophthalmia

56
Q

Describe an infectious cause of congenitak cataract

A

German measles infection between 4th and 7th weeks

57
Q

Mention infectious causes of microphthalmia

A

CMV & toxoplasmosis

58
Q

1st order of neuron of visual pathway is……while 2nd order neuron is……

A

Bipolar cells
Ganglion cells

59
Q

Enumerate contents of each optic tract

A
  1. Contralateral nasal fibers
  2. Ipsilateral temporal fibers
  3. Macular fibers from both sides
60
Q

Mention roots of optic tract and contents

A

Med root contains supraoptic commissure of Gudden which connect MGBs
Lat root contains visual fibers than terminate on LGB, some pass to pretectal nucleus and superior colliculus.

61
Q

With regards 3rd order neuron of visual pathway, dorsal group………., while ventral group……. . Both…….

A

End in pareital lobe (from upper quadrant)
Makes loop of Meyer in temporal lobe (from lower quadrant)
Join together in occipital lobe to end in cortical visual area

62
Q

Describe extension of area 17

A

Below precalcarine sulcus, on both sides of postcalcarine sulcus extending to occipital pole

63
Q

Describe S,F & lesion of visual association areas

A

Around area 17
F, store past visual experience to identify objects and discriminate colours, occipital eye field is resposible for involuntary reflex conjugate eye movements
L, visual agnosia

64
Q

Describe results of lesions in optic n

A

Optic neuritis, circuferential blindness
Resection, ipsilateal total blindness

65
Q

Describe results of lesions in optic chiasma

A

Lat pressure: ipsilateral nasal hemianopia (ICA aneurysm)
Med pressure: bilateral temporal hemianopia (pituitary tumours)

66
Q

Describe results of lesions after optic chiasm in visual pathway

A

Total lesion leads to contralateral homonomous hemianopia
Upper lesion leads to CL lower quadrantic anopia
Lower lesion leads to CL upper quadrantic anopia

67
Q

Describe pathway of light reflex from pretectal nucleus to pupil

A

Prectectal n to EWN of CN III through inf division of oculomotor then nerve to IO then ciliary ganglion then gives, in short ciliary, nerve postganglionic parasymp fibers to sphincter pupilae muscle

68
Q

Mention components of near response reflex

A

Convergence of eyes by MR
Increased refractive power of lens by ciliary muscle
Pupillary constriction

69
Q

Describe pathway of accomodation reflex

A

Optic n till visual area in occipital lobe (visual pathway) then it sends to frontal eyefield in frontal lobe through the superior longitudinal bundle then descend in internal capsule and relay on pretectal nuclei then to oculomotor nuclei both EWN & motor nucleus of CN III (for medial rectus contraction)

70
Q

Describe pathway for corneal reflex

A

Afferents along ophthalmic n to main sensory nucleus of trigeminalpass via an interneuron to motor n of CN VII, causing contraction of orbicularis oculi and closure of eyelids

SS Anatomy (2 decks)

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