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Viscera Final Exam > Anatomy of Digestive System 1 > Flashcards

Anatomy of Digestive System 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Digestive system includes? (2)

A
  • All organs of the digestive tube

- Accessory organs (secretions)

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2
Q

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, rectum and anus. These are part of which digestive systems?

A

Organs of digestive tube

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3
Q

Salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, pancreas. These are part of which digestive system?

A

Accessory organs

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4
Q

What is the differences between Endo- and Exo-crine?

A

Endo- travels in blood.

Exo- travels in ducts

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5
Q

Which accessory organ is both Exo- and Endo-crine?

A

Pancreas

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6
Q

What are the 3 pairs of salivary glands?

A
  • Parotid
  • Submandibular
  • Sublingual
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7
Q

Which pair of salivary glands of the 3 is this?
-below zygomatic arch and anterior to ear, just
beneath the skin with single ducts that open lateral to the 2nd upper molar.

A

Parotid glands (Stenson’s duct)

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8
Q

Which pair of salivary glands of the 3 is this?
- in the floor of the mouth on inner surface of mandible with single ducts (Wharton’s duct) that open on the sides of the frenulum, posterior to the lower incisors.

A

Submandibular ducts

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9
Q

Which pair of salivary glands of the 3 is this?

-beneath the mucosa on the floor of the mouth with numerous ducts to open along the sides of the tongue.

A

Sublingual ducts

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10
Q

Parotid ducts are under Para/Sympathetics control and via which CN?

A

Parasympathetics, CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)

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11
Q

Submandibular ducts are under Para/Sympathetics control and via which CN?

A

Parasympathetics, CN VII (Hypoglossal)

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12
Q

Sublingual ducts are under Para/Sympathetics control and via which CN?

A

Parasympathetics, CN VII (Hypoglossal)

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13
Q

Muscular tube that has an average diameter of 2 cm which extends from the PHARYNX (C6) and terminates in the cardial orifice of the stomach (25 cm long). What structure is this?

A

Esophagus

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14
Q

What are the 3 potential restrictions to the esophagus?

A
  • Upper esophageal sphincter
  • Broncho-aortic (Thoracic) constrictions
  • Lower esophageal sphincter
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15
Q

Which one of the 3 esophagus restriction s is this?

-cricopharyngeus muscle which demarcates the beginning of the esophagus.

A

Upper esophageal sphincter

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16
Q

Which one of the 3 esophagus restriction s is this?

-area where the esophagus is first crossed by the arch of the aorta and then by the left main bronchus.

A

Broncho-aortic (Thoracic) constrictions

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17
Q

Which one of the 3 esophagus restriction s is this?
-(T10 level) located where the esophagus passes through esophageal hiatus in the diaphragm. Prevents reflux of gastric contents.

A

Lower esophageal sphincter

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18
Q

_____ derivative: The ABDOMINAL PART of the esophagus extends from the diaphragm to the cardiac region of the stomach (cardial orifice) 1.25 cm.

A

Foregut

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19
Q

Foregut derivative internal circular and external longitudinal
layer of muscle fibers:
-Upper 1/3 = _____ muscle (voluntary)
-Middle 1/3 = mixture of muscle
-Inferior 1/3 = _____ muscle (involuntary)

A

skeletal; smooth

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20
Q

The esophagus is attached to the diaphragm by way of the _____ ligament which allows some movement during breathing.

A

phrenicoesophageal

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21
Q

The right border of the esophagus follows the contour of the stomach, however, the left border is delineated from the stomach by the _____ notch.

A

cardiac

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22
Q

There is an abrupt change in the epithelial lining between the esophagus and the stomach, which is demonstrated by a zig- zag line called the _____(esophagogastric junction) located at the ___.

A

z-line; ~ T11

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23
Q

Esophagus is lined with _____ _____epithelium above the diaphragm.

A

stratified squamous

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24
Q

Inferior to the diaphragm, the esophagus is lined with _____ epithelium similar to that of the stomach.

A

columnar

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25
Q

Left gastric artery (esophageal branch) and the left inferior phrenic artery supply the _____ portion (abdominal portion) of the esophagus.

A

lower

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26
Q

Venous return:
*PORTAL venous system of the liver (significant in
alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver) via the _____ _____ vein.

A

left gastric

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27
Q

Venous return:

*SYSTEMIC venous return through the _____ vein.

A

azygos

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28
Q

_____(Symp/Para)- anterior and posterior esophageal plexuses (derived from the VAGUS nerves).

A

*Parasympathetic

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29
Q

_____- greater and lesser splanchnic nerves.

A

*Sympathetic

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30
Q

What are the 5 parts of the stomach?

A
  • Cardia
  • Fundus
  • Cardial notch
  • Body
  • Pyloric (3 parts)
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31
Q

Which part of the stomach?

- surrounds the superior orifice

A

Cardia

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32
Q

Which part of the stomach?
- superior portion of the stomach that is
associated with the diaphragm.

A

Fundus (Highest concentration of parietal cells)

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33
Q

Which part of the stomach?

- found between the esophagus and fundus of the stomach.

A

Cardial notch

34
Q

Which part of the stomach?

  • central portion between the fundus and
    pylorus. LARGEST PART.
35
Q

Which part of the stomach?

- funnel shaped inferior region.

36
Q

Which one of the 3 parts of Pyloric:

-The large part of the funnel.

A

pyloric antrum

37
Q

Which one of the 3 parts of Pyloric:

-The narrow inferior part.

A

pyloric canal

38
Q

Which one of the 3 parts of Pyloric:

-distal sphincter region which controls discharge of stomach contents.

39
Q

Anatomy of Stomach:

_____ curvature- (ventral aspect of the primitive foregut) -right border.

40
Q

Anatomy of Stomach:

_____ curvature- (dorsal aspect of the primitive foregut) – left border.

A

Greater curvature

41
Q

Anatomy of Stomach:
_____ omentum- DORSAL MESENTERY
attached to the greater curvature of the
stomach and the transverse colon.

A

Greater omentum

42
Q

Anatomy of Stomach:

_____ omentum- VENTRAL MESENTERY

43
Q

Anatomy of Stomach:
Lesser omentum- VENTRAL MESENTERY attaches the stomach and proximal duodenum
to the liver and is respectively divided into
_____ and _____
ligaments. Within the hepatoduodenal
ligament is found the PORTAL TRIAD.

A

hepatogastric; hepatoduodenal

44
Q

Anatomy of Stomach:
Lesser omentum-
What is found within the hepatoduodenal
ligament is found the portal triad? (3)

A
  • Portal vein
  • Hepatic artery
  • Bile duct (take bile out)
45
Q

_____ _____ – folds seen inside the stomach.

A

Gastric rugae

46
Q

_____ _____ is invagination of MUCOSAL and SUBMUCOSAL layers.

A

Gastric rugae

47
Q

_____ _____ artery - arises from celiac trunk and runs in the lesser omentum to the cardia, turns back to run along the lesser curvature of the stomach and anastomose with the right gastric
artery.

A

Left gastric

48
Q

Left gastric artery May give off _____ branches.

A

esophageal

49
Q

_____ _____ artery – (found in the lesser

omentum) arises from the proper hepatic artery and runs along the lesser curvature.*

A

Right gastric

50
Q

_____ _____artery - arises from gastroduodenal artery and runs along the greater curvature to anastomose with the left gastro- omental artery within the greater omentum.

A

Right gastro-omental

51
Q

_____ _____artery - arises from the splenic

artery and runs along the greater curvature.

A

Left gastro-omental

52
Q

VENOUS RETURN of stomach directly or indirectly drain into the
PORTAL VEINS. What are the 3 portal veins?

A
  • L/R gastric veins

- Short gastric veins

53
Q

Initial lymphatic drainage of stomach follows the greater and lesser curvatures of the stomach and eventually enters the _____ lymph nodes.

54
Q

PARASYMPATHETICS of stomach- vagal trunks which

enter the abdomen through the _____ hiatus.

A

esophageal

55
Q

SYMPATHETICS of stomach – (T6 –T9 specific levels of
the stomach)- preganglionic fibers from the greater splanchnic nerve (cord levels T5 – T9) and postganglionic fibers from the _____ ganglion which lays on the celiac artery.

56
Q

_____ intestine is About 20 feet (6 m) in length.

57
Q

3 parts of small intestine?

A
  • Duodenum
  • Jejunum
  • ILEUM
58
Q

Which part of small intestine?
-(~ 1 foot in length) C- shaped and
receives bile from the gall bladder, and enzymes from the pancreas (lipase, amylase for starch, etc….)

59
Q

Which part of small intestine?
-( 8 foot) majority of chemical digestion occurs here. Mucosa has circular folds of KERCKRING giving it a rough appearance. Found mostly in the LUQ.

60
Q

Which part of small intestine?

-Has long vasa recta a one layer of arterial arcades.

61
Q

Which part of small intestine?
-last part of the small intestine, longest part ; contents empty into the cecum (first part of large intestine) after passing the ileocecal valve. Found mostly in the RLQ. Mucosa appears
smooth in gross appearance.

62
Q

Which part of small intestine?

- Has short vasa recta and 2-3 layers of arterial arcades.

63
Q

Which part of small intestine?

- Has large number of PEYER’S PATCHES (Lymphatic aggregation).

64
Q

What is the PARASYMPATHETIC innervation to BOTH ileum and jejunum?

A

Posterior vagal trunk

65
Q

What is the SYMPATHETIC innervation to BOTH ileum and jejunum?

A

Postganglionic mostly from the Superior mesenteric ganglia

66
Q

What are the 4 parts of Duodenum from the small intestine?

A
  • Superior
  • Descending
  • Horizontal
  • Ascending
67
Q

Parts of the duodenum from the small intestine:
-Superior part - except for the first 2 cm, is a _____ . Attached to the pyloric region of the stomach. Sits at __ vertebral level.

A

retroperitoneal; L1

68
Q

Foregut derivative therefore is vascularized by branches of the _____ ARTERY.

69
Q

Superior part of the duodenum has a _____ ligament (part of lesser omentum) which is ventral mesentery in origin

A

hepatoduodenal

70
Q

Parts of the duodenum from the small intestine?
-RETROPERITONEAL;
located along the right side of L1 to L3
vertebrae (about 7 to 10 cm).

A

Descending part

71
Q

What are the 2 structures found in the Descending part of the duodenum?

A
  • Hepatopancreatic ampulla of Vater (external surface name)

- Major duodenal papilla (inside)

72
Q

Hepatopancreatic ampulla of Vater is the union of the _____ duct and the _____ _____ duct.

A

bile; major pancreatic

73
Q

Parts of the duodenum from the small intestine?

-(MIDGUT in origin) crossed by the superior mesenteric artery and vein.

A

Horizontal part (transverse)

74
Q

Parts of the duodenum from the small intestine?
-(MIDGUT in origin) ascends to
the level of L2 and is relatively short, about 5 cm.

A

Ascending part

75
Q

Ascending part of duodenum leads to the jejunum after the _____
flexure. This flexure is supported by the SUSPENSORY MUSCLE ( LIGAMENT of TRIETZ). It allows for the facilitation of movement of intestinal contents.

A

duodenojejunal

76
Q

The horizontal and ascending parts of the duodenum are mainly vascularized by the _____ _____ ARTERY.

A

SUPERIOR MESENTERIC

77
Q

_____ artery and the superior _____ artery - supplies the proximal part of duodenum down to the bile duct.

A

Gastroduodenal; pancreaticoduodenal

78
Q

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery is from the _____ _____artery

A

superior

mesenteric

79
Q

Venous drainage follows the arteries to drain into the _____ VEIN.

80
Q

What is the parasympathetic innervation for the Duodenum (Small intestine)?

81
Q

What is the sympathetic innervation for the Duodenum (Small intestine)?

A

Celiac ganglia and superior mesenteric ganglia

82
Q

Bifurcation of Descending aorta is at which level?

Viscera Final Exam (4 decks)

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