Anatomy of Cardiovascular System (Heart) Flashcards
•heart (four chambers) •arteries, capillaries and veins •AV valves •semilunar valves
What are the three parts of the cardiovascular system?
- heart (four chambers)
- blood
- blood vessels
What are the four chambers of the heart?
- right atrium
- right ventricle
- left atrium
- left ventricle
The atria are the upper chambers and the ventricles are the lower chambers.
[Mnemonic]
LAB RAT
(how to remember the atrioventricular valves of the heart)
LAB RAT
Left Atrium = Bicuspid valve
Right Atrium = Tricuspid valve
Which part of the heart delivers oxygenated blood towards the heart?
Pulmonary veins
Which part of the heart delivers deoxygenated blood to the lungs (away from the heart)?
Pulmonary arteries
The cardiovascular system is divided into two circuits. What are these two circuits?
- pulmonary circuit (carries blood to the lungs for gas exchange)
- systemic circuit (carries blood to ALL organs of the body)
Which two atrioventricular valves are located in the heart?
- tricuspid valve
- bicuspid (or mitral) valve
Which two semilunar valves are located in the heart?
- pulmonary semilunar valve
- aortic semilunar valve
Both semilunar valves have three leaflets.
The cardiovascular system uses vessels to deliver blood to the body. What are the three major types of blood vessels?
- arteries (thick and elastic)
- capillaries (thin-easy diffusion of substances)
- veins (stretchable)
What is the flow of blood in the blood vessels?
Arteries → arterioles → capillaries → venules → veins
Which blood vessel is the ONLY vessel where substances can be exchanged between the blood and tissues?
Capillaries
Which kind of cells are ALL blood vessels lined with?
ENDOTHELIAL CELS
[Mnemonic]
Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
(how to remember the function of arteries)
Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
Why is the cardiovascular system a closed system?
Because it has NO openings for blood to leave the vessels.
What is the difference between hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure in the blood?
Hydrostatic pressure: pushes fluid out of the capillaries on the arteriole side
Osmotic pressure: pulls or “sucks” fluid into the capillaries on the venule side
