Anatomy of breathing Flashcards
The upper respiratory tract?
- nasal cavities
- oral cavity
- naso-, oro- and laryngo-pharynx
- larynx
The lower respiratory tract?
- trachea
- L and R main bronchi
- segmental bronchi
- bronchioles
- alveoli
At what spinal level does the larynx become the trachea and teh pharynx becomes the oesophagus?
C6 vertebra
What are the chest wall layers (superficial to deep)?
skin fascia (superficial and deep) skeletal muscle bone/joints parietal pleura
What is the function of the pleural fluid?
to provide lubrication and surface tension
How many bronchopulmonary segments constitute each lung?
10 bronchopulmonary segments
How many lobes are there?
3 Right: Inferior, middle and superior
2 Left: inferior and superior lobes
How many ribs are there?
12 pairs.
-true ribs: 1-7
-false ribs: 8-10
floating ribs: 11 and 12
Sternum is made up of…
jugular notch manubrium body xiphoid process (sternal angle)
What runs along costal grooves?
neurovascular bundles
Muscles in the intercostal spaces?
external intercostal muscles
internal intercostal muscles
innermost intercostal muscles
What veins drain the intercostal spaces?
Azygous vein (posterior parts) and Internal thoracic vein (anterior parts)
What arteries supply the intercostal spaces?
Thoracic aorta (posterior parts) and Internal thoracic artery (anterior part)
What arteries provide arterial blood for lung tissue?
Bronchial arteries
-branch off the anterior surface of the aorta
What nerves supply the diaphragm?
C3, 4 and 5 (keep the diaphragm alive)
-somatic sensory, somatic motor and sympathetic axons
