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Respiratory- Anatomy > Anatomy of breathing > Flashcards

Anatomy of breathing Flashcards

1
Q

Which features make up the upper respiratory tract? (6)

A
  • Right and left nasal cavities
  • Oral cavity
  • Nasopharynx
  • Oropharynx
  • Laryngopharynx
  • Larynx
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2
Q

Which features make up the lower respiratory tract? (6)

A
  • Trachea
  • Right and left main bronchi
  • Lobar bronchi
  • Segmental bronchi
  • Bronchioles
  • Alveoli
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3
Q

Where is the trachea palpated?

A

In the jugular notch of the manubrium

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4
Q

Where in the body is the thorax located?

A

The neck is superior

The abdomen is inferior

The back is posterior

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5
Q

Which two parts are the chest divided into?

A
  • The chest wall

- The chest cavity

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6
Q

What components make up the chest wall? (Superficial to deep) (5)

A
  • Skin
  • Fascia (Superficial and deep)
  • Skeletal muscles
  • Bone/joints
  • Parietal pleura
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7
Q

What is the function of the chest wall?

A
  • Protect chest’s internal organs
  • Make the movements of breathing
  • Breast tissue for lactation
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8
Q

Which three sections make up the chest cavity?

A
  • Left pleural cavity
  • Mediastinum
  • Right pleural cavity
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9
Q

What lies between the parietal and visceral pleurae?

A

The plural cavity

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10
Q

What is contained within the pleural cavity and what is the function of this?

A

Pleural fluid

  • Lubricant
  • Provides surface tension
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11
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have?

What are they called?

A

3

  • Superior
  • Middle
  • Inferior
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12
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have?

What are they called?

A

2

  • Superior
  • Inferior
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13
Q

Which fissure divides the superior and inferior lobes?

A

Oblique fissure

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14
Q

Which fissure divides the middle and superior lobes of the right lung?

A

Horizontal fissure

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15
Q

What is a bronchopulmonary segment?

A

The area of lung lobe that each of the segmental bronchi supplies.

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16
Q

How many bronchopulmonary segments are there in each lung?

A

10

17
Q

What bones form the chest wall? (5)

A
  • Ribs
  • Sternum
  • Clavicles
  • Scapulae
  • Thoracic vertebrae
18
Q

What cartilage joins the ribs to the sternum?

A

Costal cartilages

19
Q

Where does the head of the rib articulate with the vertebrae?

A

The head of the rib articulates with the body of the vertebrae of the same number, and the body of the superior vertebra

20
Q

Where does the rib tubercle articulate with the vertebrae?

A

The tubercle articulates with the transverse process of the vertebra of the same number

21
Q

What are the features of each rib? (6)

A
  • Head
  • Neck
  • Tubercle
  • Body/shaft
  • Rib angle
  • Costal groove
22
Q

What are the joints of breathing?

A
  • Costovertebral joint
  • Costochondral joint
  • Sternocostal joint
23
Q

What do the costovertebral joints join?

A

Rib to vertebra

24
Q

What do the costochondral joints join?

A

Rib to costal cartilage

25
Q

What do the sternocostal joints join?

A

Sternum to costal cartilage

26
Q

What are the three layers of breathing muscles between the ribs?

A

External, internal and innermost intercostal muscles.

27
Q

What is the diaphragm?

A

A layer of muscle important in breathing. It contracts to move inferiorly and increase the vertical thoracic volume during inspiration.

It is made of two domes.

28
Q

What does the azygous vein drain?

A

The posterior part of the intercostal spaces

29
Q

What does the thoracic aorta supply?

A

The posterior parts of the intercostal spaces.

30
Q

What does the internal thoracic artery and veins (2) supply?

A

The anterior part of the intercostal spaces.

They course either side of the deep surface of the sternum

31
Q

What is the function of the bronchial arteries?

A

To provide arterial blood to the lung tissue.

32
Q

Where do the bronchial arteries branch from?

A

The anterior surface of the thoracic aorta.

33
Q

Why is the right dome of the diaphragm usually more superior?

A

To accommodate the liver inferiorly.

34
Q

What nerve supplies the diaphragm?

A

Phrenic nerve (C3, 4 and 5 anterior rami.)

Respiratory- Anatomy (1 decks)

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