Anatomy of Brain - Functions/Impairments Flashcards
Function/Impairment of frontal lobe?
function: voluntary movement, intellect, orientation.
Broca’s area, speech, concentration. Personality, temper, judgment, reasoning, behavior, self-awareness, executive functions.
Impairments: contralateral weakness, perseveration inattention, personality changes, antisocial behavior, impaired concentration, BROCAS APHASIA, delayed or poor initiation, emotional liability.
(INFARCT TO ACA)
Function/Impairment of parietal lobe?
Associated with sensation of touch, kinesthesia, perception of vibration and temperature. Provides meaning for objects, interprets language and words, spatial and visual perception.
Impairments: agraphia, alexia, agnosia (loss of a previous ability to write, the inability to see words or to read, inability to interpret sensations and hence to recognize things.
- Contralateral sensory deficits, impaired language comprehension, impaired taste.
(INFARCT TO MCA)
Function/Impairment of temporal lobe?
Primary auditory processing and olfaction. WERNICKE’S AREA, ability to understand and produce meaningful speech, verbal and general memory assists with understanding language.
- The rear of the temporal lobe enables humans to interpret other people’s emotions and reactions.
Impairments: Learning deficits, wernickes aphasia, antisocial/aggressive behaviors. Difficulty with facial recognition, difficulty with memory/memory loss, inability to categorize objects.
(INFARCT TO MCA)
function/impairment of occipital lobe?
Main processing center for visual information, processes visual information regarding colors, light, and shapes. Judgement of distance, seeing in 3D
Impairments: homonymous hemianopsia, impaired extraocular muscle movement and visual deficits.
impaired color recognition, reading and writing impairments, cortical blindness.
(INFARCT TO PCA)
Purpose/Function of the Hippocampus?
found within the lower temporal lobe. responsible for the forming and storing new memories of ones personal
history and other declarative memory.
Purpose/Function of the basal ganglia?
responsible for voluntary movement, regulation of autonomic movement, posture, muscle tone, and control of motor responses.
Diseases associated: Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, Tourette’s, ADD, OCD, addictions.
Purpose/Function of the amygdala?
found in temporal lobes. Role for emotional and social processing. Involved in fear and pleasure responses, arousal, processing of memory, formation of emotional memories.
Purpose/Function of the diencephalon?
major motor and sensory synapse. interactive site between CNS and endocrine system. limbic system.
Purpose/Function of the thalamus?
receives information from cerebellum, basal ganglia, and all sensory pathways expect for olfactory tracts.
- Damage to thalamus can produce thalamic pain syndrome; spontaneous pain on the contralateral side of the body to the thalamic lesion.
Purpose/Function of the hypothalamus?
regulates hormones, hunger, thirst, sexual behavior, and sleeping.
- Damage can cause obesity, sexual disinterest, poor temperature control, and DIABETES INCIPIDUS.
Purpose/Function of the subthalamus?
important for regulating skeletal muscle movements
Purpose/Function of the cerebellum?
responsible for fine tuning of movement and assists with maintaining posture and balance by controlling muscle tone and positioning of the extremities in space.
- Damage may produce ataxia, nystagmus, tremor, hypermetria, poor coordination, deficits in postural reflexes, balance, equilibrium.
Purpose/Function of the epithalamus?
Pineal gland, melatonin, sleep wake cycles.
Purpose/Function of the pons?
Cranial nerves 5 and 7 originate in pons.
-INFARCT TO AICA, CAN AFFECT CN 5,6,7,8
Purpose/Function of the MEDULLA OBLONGATA?
Reflex center for vomiting, coughing, respiration, heart rate.
- INFARCT TO PICA CAN AFFECT CN 9,10,11,12
AS THEY ORIGINATE IN THE MEDULLA
