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anatomy of articulation Flashcards

1
Q

articulatiom

A

process of joining two elements together

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2
Q

articulatory system

A

mobile and immobile articulators brought into contact for the purpose of shaping the sounds of speech

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3
Q

source filter theory

A

voicing source is generated by the vocal folds and routed through the vocal tract where it is shaped into the sounds of speech

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4
Q

what is sound source generated by

A

vocal folds

Point of turbulance or constriction in voiceless speech sounds

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5
Q

what is sound source shaped by

A

vocal tract configuration

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6
Q

vocal tract

A

Series of linked tubes including…

  • oral cavity (mouth)
  • pharynx (behind mouth) (throat)
  • nasal cavity (nose)
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7
Q

resonant frequency

A

The sound wave frequency that fits the shape of the vocal tract and is therefore enhanced

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8
Q

what happens in resonant frequency

A

Tongue position changed vocal tract shape

Changes in vocal tract shape affect resonant frequencies

Attenuate

Amplify

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9
Q

mobile articulators

A

tongue, mandible, lips, cheeks, velum, pharynx, larynx

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10
Q

immobile articulators

A

alveolar ridge, teeth, hard palate

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11
Q

lower jaw /mandible

A

Developmentally begins as a paired bone

  • fuses at the midline by age 1
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12
Q

condyloid process

A

articulate with temporal bone by the TMJ*

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13
Q

Coronoid process

A

for muscle attachment *

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14
Q

mental symphysis

A

Point of fusion of the two halves of the mandible

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15
Q

mental foramen

A

Hole through which the cranial V- trigeminal nerve passes

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16
Q

upper jaw/maxilla

A

makes up most of the

hard palate/floor of nose

  • upper dental ridge
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17
Q

frontal process

A

superior most point of the bone

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18
Q

zygomatic process

A

point of attachment to cheek bone

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19
Q

alveolar process

A

contains alveoli that hold teeth in the intact adult maxilla

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20
Q

incisive foramen

A

Anterior aspect of the hard palate that serves as a conduit for nasopalatine nerve serving the nasal mucosa

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21
Q

nasal bones

A

Small bones making up the superior nasal surface

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22
Q

nasal bones articulate with

A

-frontal bones superiorly

  • maxillae laterally
  • perpendicular plate that makes up the posterior wall of the nasal cavity
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23
Q

horizontal plates (palatine bones)

A

parallel the palatine process of the maxilla

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24
Q

perpendicular plate (palatine bones)

A

posterior wall of the nasal cavity

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25
Q

Orbital process

A

makes up a small portion of the orbit cavity

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26
Q

inferior nasal concha

A

Small, scroll-like bones on the lateral surface of the nose

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27
Q

nasal concha

A

lined with mucosa

highly vascular

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28
Q

function of nasal concha

A

air passing over nasal concha will be warmed and humidified before reaching the lower respiratory system

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29
Q

vomer

A

Nasal septum

  • dividing plate between the two nasal cavities

An unpaired midline bone

Makes up inferior and posterior nasal septum

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30
Q

zygomatic bones

A

cheek bones

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31
Q

zygomatic bones articulate with

A

maxillae
frontal
temporal

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32
Q

what are the skull bones

A

temporal
parietal
frontal
occipital

33
Q

frontal bone

A

Unpaired frontal bone creates:

Bony forehead

Anterior cranial case

Supraorbital region

34
Q

parietal bone

A

Mid portion of brain case

Paired bones

Overlay the parietal lobes of the cerebrum

35
Q

occipital bone

A

Overlies posterior of the brain

Makes up the posterior brain case

Forms the base of skull and wraps beneath the brain

36
Q

what does the occipital bone articulate with

A

temporal
parietal
sphenoid bones

37
Q

foramen magmum

A

provides the conduit for the spinal cord

38
Q

temporal bone

A

*Divided into 4 segments *

Squamous, tympanic, mastoid, petrous portions

39
Q

squamous portion

A

Fan-shaped, thin

Lower margin= roof of external auditory meatus

40
Q

mastoid portion

A

Posterior part of temporal bone

41
Q

tympanic portion

A

Includes anterior and inferior walls of external auditory

Styloid process protrudes beneath the external auditory meatus and medial to the mastoid process

42
Q

petrous portion

A

includes cochlea and semicircular canals

43
Q

internal auditory meatus

A

On the medial surface of the temporal bone

Cranial nerve VIII passes through here on its way to the brainstem

44
Q

dentition

A

Teeth housed in alveoli of maxillae & mandible

45
Q

function of dentition

A

Mastication

Articulatory surfaces for speech sounds

46
Q

what 3 anatomical parts are teeth made up of

A

Crown= visible portion

  1. Root= embedded in the alveolar process
  2. Neck= transition between the two
47
Q

dental arches

A

Teeth in the upper arch are larger than those in lower arch

Upper arch typically overlaps the lower arch in front

48
Q

upper and lower arches contain equal numbers of teeth of 4 types

A

Incisors*

Cuspids*

Bicuspids*

Molars *

49
Q

components of teeth

A

root
gingival/gum line
crown
neck
enamel

50
Q

types of teeth

A

incisors, central incisors, lateral incisors, cuspid, bicuspid/premolars, molars

51
Q

deciduous

A

infants develop shedding teeth that give way to permanent teeth

52
Q

when do deciduous teeth start to erupt through bone and gum

A

between 6-9 months

53
Q

occlusion

A

process of bringing upper and lower teeth into contact

necessary for chewing

54
Q

class 1 (normal occlusion)

A

upper incisors outside lower incisors vertically by a few millimeters

neutroclusion

55
Q

class 2 (overbite)

A

first mandibular molars are retracted at least one tooth from the first maxillary molars

mandible retracted

56
Q

class 3 (underbite)

A

first mandibular molar is advanced farther than one tooth beyond the first maxillary molar

mandible protruded

57
Q

cavities of the vocal tract

A

oral, buccal, pharyngeal, nasal

58
Q

oral cavity

A

most significant cavity of the speech mechanism

extends from oral opening to the faucial pillars

59
Q

hard palate

A

roof of the mouth

60
Q

rugae

A

ridges running laterally
(ridges on the palate)

61
Q

median raphe

A

divides the hard palate into equal halves

62
Q

soft palate/velum

A

point at which hard palate becomes soft
velum separates the oral and nasal cavities

63
Q

uvula

A

end of velum
(dangly thing in back of throat)

64
Q

faucial pillars

A

-mark the posterior margin of the oral cavity
-house the palatine tonsils

65
Q

what makes up the lateral margins of the oral cavity

A

teeth and alveolar ridge of the maxillae

66
Q

tonsils

A

an aggregate of lymph nodes and vessels contained in the mucosa of the pharyngeal cavity

67
Q

function of tonsil

A

immunological; filter the air

68
Q

lingual

A

base of tongue

69
Q

palatine

A

between anterior and posterior faucial pillars

70
Q

pharyngeal tonsils(adenoids)

A

above the velum

71
Q

auditory tonsils

A

behind the Eustachian tube

72
Q

buccal cavity

A

-composed of the space between the posterior teeth and the cheeks of the face
-plats a role in the oral resonance
- involved in high pressure consonant production

73
Q

pharyngeal cavity

A

-a tube of about 12 cm in length
-extends from the vocal folds below to the region behind the nasal cavities
-lined with muscles capable of constricting the size of the tube to allow deglutition

74
Q

oropharynx

A

portion of the pharynx immediately posterior to the fauces

75
Q

laryngopharynx (hypopharynx)

A

-bounded anteriorly by the epiglottis
-inferiorly by the esophagus

76
Q

nasopharynx

A

space above soft palate

77
Q

where does the eustachain tube open into

A

opens into the nasopharynx

78
Q

nasal cavities

A

produces by the paired maxillae, palatine bones, and nasal bones

79
Q

what is the nasal septum made up of

A

vomer bone, plate of the ethmoid, cartilaginous septum, nares mark the anterior boundaries, floor of the nasal cavity is the hard palate

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