anatomy of articulation Flashcards
articulatiom
process of joining two elements together
articulatory system
mobile and immobile articulators brought into contact for the purpose of shaping the sounds of speech
source filter theory
voicing source is generated by the vocal folds and routed through the vocal tract where it is shaped into the sounds of speech
what is sound source generated by
vocal folds
Point of turbulance or constriction in voiceless speech sounds
what is sound source shaped by
vocal tract configuration
vocal tract
Series of linked tubes including…
- oral cavity (mouth)
- pharynx (behind mouth) (throat)
- nasal cavity (nose)
resonant frequency
The sound wave frequency that fits the shape of the vocal tract and is therefore enhanced
what happens in resonant frequency
Tongue position changed vocal tract shape
Changes in vocal tract shape affect resonant frequencies
Attenuate
Amplify
mobile articulators
tongue, mandible, lips, cheeks, velum, pharynx, larynx
immobile articulators
alveolar ridge, teeth, hard palate
lower jaw /mandible
Developmentally begins as a paired bone
- fuses at the midline by age 1
condyloid process
articulate with temporal bone by the TMJ*
Coronoid process
for muscle attachment *
mental symphysis
Point of fusion of the two halves of the mandible
mental foramen
Hole through which the cranial V- trigeminal nerve passes
upper jaw/maxilla
makes up most of the
hard palate/floor of nose
- upper dental ridge
frontal process
superior most point of the bone
zygomatic process
point of attachment to cheek bone
alveolar process
contains alveoli that hold teeth in the intact adult maxilla
incisive foramen
Anterior aspect of the hard palate that serves as a conduit for nasopalatine nerve serving the nasal mucosa
nasal bones
Small bones making up the superior nasal surface
nasal bones articulate with
-frontal bones superiorly
- maxillae laterally
- perpendicular plate that makes up the posterior wall of the nasal cavity
horizontal plates (palatine bones)
parallel the palatine process of the maxilla
perpendicular plate (palatine bones)
posterior wall of the nasal cavity
Orbital process
makes up a small portion of the orbit cavity
inferior nasal concha
Small, scroll-like bones on the lateral surface of the nose
nasal concha
lined with mucosa
highly vascular
function of nasal concha
air passing over nasal concha will be warmed and humidified before reaching the lower respiratory system
vomer
Nasal septum
- dividing plate between the two nasal cavities
An unpaired midline bone
Makes up inferior and posterior nasal septum
zygomatic bones
cheek bones
zygomatic bones articulate with
maxillae
frontal
temporal
what are the skull bones
temporal
parietal
frontal
occipital
frontal bone
Unpaired frontal bone creates:
Bony forehead
Anterior cranial case
Supraorbital region
parietal bone
Mid portion of brain case
Paired bones
Overlay the parietal lobes of the cerebrum
occipital bone
Overlies posterior of the brain
Makes up the posterior brain case
Forms the base of skull and wraps beneath the brain
what does the occipital bone articulate with
temporal
parietal
sphenoid bones
foramen magmum
provides the conduit for the spinal cord
temporal bone
*Divided into 4 segments *
Squamous, tympanic, mastoid, petrous portions
squamous portion
Fan-shaped, thin
Lower margin= roof of external auditory meatus
mastoid portion
Posterior part of temporal bone
tympanic portion
Includes anterior and inferior walls of external auditory
Styloid process protrudes beneath the external auditory meatus and medial to the mastoid process
petrous portion
includes cochlea and semicircular canals
internal auditory meatus
On the medial surface of the temporal bone
Cranial nerve VIII passes through here on its way to the brainstem
dentition
Teeth housed in alveoli of maxillae & mandible
function of dentition
Mastication
Articulatory surfaces for speech sounds
what 3 anatomical parts are teeth made up of
Crown= visible portion
- Root= embedded in the alveolar process
- Neck= transition between the two
dental arches
Teeth in the upper arch are larger than those in lower arch
Upper arch typically overlaps the lower arch in front
upper and lower arches contain equal numbers of teeth of 4 types
Incisors*
Cuspids*
Bicuspids*
Molars *
components of teeth
root
gingival/gum line
crown
neck
enamel
types of teeth
incisors, central incisors, lateral incisors, cuspid, bicuspid/premolars, molars
deciduous
infants develop shedding teeth that give way to permanent teeth
when do deciduous teeth start to erupt through bone and gum
between 6-9 months
occlusion
process of bringing upper and lower teeth into contact
necessary for chewing
class 1 (normal occlusion)
upper incisors outside lower incisors vertically by a few millimeters
neutroclusion
class 2 (overbite)
first mandibular molars are retracted at least one tooth from the first maxillary molars
mandible retracted
class 3 (underbite)
first mandibular molar is advanced farther than one tooth beyond the first maxillary molar
mandible protruded
cavities of the vocal tract
oral, buccal, pharyngeal, nasal
oral cavity
most significant cavity of the speech mechanism
extends from oral opening to the faucial pillars
hard palate
roof of the mouth
rugae
ridges running laterally
(ridges on the palate)
median raphe
divides the hard palate into equal halves
soft palate/velum
point at which hard palate becomes soft
velum separates the oral and nasal cavities
uvula
end of velum
(dangly thing in back of throat)
faucial pillars
-mark the posterior margin of the oral cavity
-house the palatine tonsils
what makes up the lateral margins of the oral cavity
teeth and alveolar ridge of the maxillae
tonsils
an aggregate of lymph nodes and vessels contained in the mucosa of the pharyngeal cavity
function of tonsil
immunological; filter the air
lingual
base of tongue
palatine
between anterior and posterior faucial pillars
pharyngeal tonsils(adenoids)
above the velum
auditory tonsils
behind the Eustachian tube
buccal cavity
-composed of the space between the posterior teeth and the cheeks of the face
-plats a role in the oral resonance
- involved in high pressure consonant production
pharyngeal cavity
-a tube of about 12 cm in length
-extends from the vocal folds below to the region behind the nasal cavities
-lined with muscles capable of constricting the size of the tube to allow deglutition
oropharynx
portion of the pharynx immediately posterior to the fauces
laryngopharynx (hypopharynx)
-bounded anteriorly by the epiglottis
-inferiorly by the esophagus
nasopharynx
space above soft palate
where does the eustachain tube open into
opens into the nasopharynx
nasal cavities
produces by the paired maxillae, palatine bones, and nasal bones
what is the nasal septum made up of
vomer bone, plate of the ethmoid, cartilaginous septum, nares mark the anterior boundaries, floor of the nasal cavity is the hard palate
