anatomy of anterior and medial thigh

Question 1

name the shin bone

Answer 1

the tibia

Question 2

name the thigh bone

Answer 2

the femur

Question 3

name the knee cap

Answer 3

the patella

Question 4

where does the head of the femur articulate with on the pelvis to form the hip joint?

Answer 4

the acetabulum

Question 5

where is the intertrochanteric line?

Answer 5

between the greater and lesser trochanters on the anterior surface of the femur.(distal neck)

Question 6

name the bony vertical ridge on the posterior aspect of theshaftof the femur. what is its role?

Answer 6

the linea aspera

site of muscle attachment.

Question 7

what part of femur articulates with the knee joint?

Answer 7

the medialandlateral femoral condyles

Question 8

where is the adductor tubercle?

Answer 8

• just superior to the medial femoral condyle

Question 9

which muscles flex the hip? anterior, posterior or medial thigh muscles?

Answer 9

anterior thigh muscles

Question 10

which muscles extend the hip? anterior, posterior or medial thigh muscles?

Answer 10

the posterior thigh muscles

Question 11

which muscles adduct the hip? anterior, posterior or medial thigh muscles?

Answer 11

muscles in medial thigh adduct thigh at hip

Question 12

name all the movements at the hip joint?

Answer 12

• flexion and extension
• adduction and abduction
• medial and lateral rotation
• circumduction

Question 13

which muscles flex the knee? anterior, posterior or medial thigh muscles?

Answer 13

posterior

Question 14

which muscles extend the knee? anterior, posterior or medial thigh muscles?

Answer 14

anterior

Question 15

what is the fascia that surrounds the thigh (like a sleeve)

Answer 15

fascia lata

Question 16

what/where is the iliotibial band? what does it do?

Answer 16

IT band

• strong part of fascia
• runs down outside of thigh from ilium to tibia
• stabilises knee joint

Question 17

what separates the thigh into anterior posterior and medial compartments?

Answer 17

Intermuscular septa

Question 18

what are all the muscles in the anterior thigh innervated by?

Answer 18

thefemoralnerve

Question 19

femoral nerve

- which spinal nerves does it arise from?

Answer 19

• The femoral nerve originates from the lumbar plexus,

- arises from the anterior rami of spinal nerves L2-L4.

Question 20

what are all the muscles in the medial thigh innervated by?

Answer 20

obturatornerve (spinal nervesL2-L4, lumbar plexus)

Question 21

what is the group of 4 large antihero thigh muscles? name the group and each muscle

Answer 21

Quadriceps femoris

• rectus femoris
• vastus lateralis
• vastus medialis
• vastus intermedius

Question 22

rectus fermoirs

• attachments
• action

Answer 22

• in midline of anterior thigh
• attached to AIIS
• contribute to flexion of hip (because crosses hip)
• knee extensor

Question 23

vastus lateralis

• attachments
• action

Answer 23

• lateral to rectus femoris
• attaches to linea aspera on posterior aspect of femoral shaft
• knee extensor

Question 24

vastus medialis

• attachments
• action

Answer 24

• medial to rectus femoris.
• It attaches to thelinea aspera
• knee extensor

Question 25

vastus intermedius - attachments - action

Answer 25

- lies deep to rectus femoris. - It attaches to the anterior aspect of the femoral shaft. - knee extensor

Question 26

name the other 3 muscles of the anterior thigh (other than the quadriceps femoris group)

Answer 26

1. sartorius 2. iliopsoas 3. pectineus

Question 27

sartorius muscle: - describe the shape and direction - the attachments

Answer 27

Sartorius Seatbelt - thick strap that crosses from lateral to medial from ASIS ( anterior Superior iliac spine)

Question 28

sartorius muscle: describe the actions

Answer 28

HIP : flexes, weakly abducts + lateral rotation KNEE: flexes and rotates medially (cross legged)

Question 29

describe the iliopsoas muscle

Answer 29

= iliac + psoas major muscle in proximal anterior thigh attached to lesser trochanter (where common tendon of the 2 muscles is)

Question 30

what are the actions of the iliopsoas muscle?

Answer 30

- main hip flexor

Question 31

pectineus muscle: - describe the shape and direction - the attachments

Answer 31

- thick band medial to iliopsoas - from superior pubic ramps - to femur (near lesser trochanter)

Question 32

what are the actions of the pectineus muscle?

Answer 32

hip flexor

Question 33

how many muscles in the medial thigh?

Answer 33

5

Question 34

what do the medial thigh muscles primarily do?

Answer 34

adduct hip | - role in normal gait as they help to draw the leg back towards the midline as we walk.

Question 35

name the 5 muscles in the medial thigh?

Answer 35

1. adductor brevis 2. adductor longus 3. adductor Magnus 4. gracilis 5. Obturator externus

Question 36

what are the attachments of the adductor brevis and longus?

Answer 36

pubic bone and linea aspera

Question 37

which is deep to which? adductor brevis and longus?

Answer 37

brevis is DEEP to longus

Question 38

what nerve runs between the adductor brevis and longus?

Answer 38

the obturator nerve (from obturator foreamen)

Question 39

describe the adductor magnus

Answer 39

has 2 parts: 1. the adductor 2. the hamstring (not a hip adductor like the rest of medial muscles) gap between = the adductor hiatus

Question 40

where do the 2 parts of the adductor magnus each attach?

Answer 40

ADDUCTOR: origin - inferior pubic ramus insertion - linea aspera HAMSTRING: - ischial tuberosity - adductor tubercle

Question 41

describe the gracilis

Answer 41

most medial long thin strip

Question 42

where does the gracilis originate and insert?

Answer 42

- origin: pubic bone | - insertion: medial tibia

Question 43

what are the actions of the gracilis?

Answer 43

HIP - weak adductor and flexor | KNEE - weak flexor

Question 44

where does the obturator externus originate and insert?

Answer 44

- origin: external surface of the obturator membrane | - insertion: femur (near the greater trochante)

Question 45

what are the actions of the obturator externus?

Answer 45

stabilises and laterally rotates hip joint

Question 46

what are the 2 arteries that innervate the anterior and medial thigh muscles?

Answer 46

femoral (anterior) obturator (medial)

Question 47

where do the arteries that innervate the anterior and medial thigh muscles branch from?

Answer 47

femoral - external iliac obturator - internal iliac

Question 48

where can the femoral artery be palpated?

Answer 48

when it travels deep to the inguinal ligament | at proximal anterior thigh

Question 49

what is the main branch of the femoral artery?

Answer 49

the profunda femoris DEEP after adductor hiatus it becomes the popliteal artery

Question 50

through what strcutre does the obturator artery travel through to reach the medial thigh?

Answer 50

the obturator canal

Question 51

what are the 2 main veins of the anterior and medial thigh?

Answer 51

femoral | obturator

Question 52

what does the femoral nerve innervate?

Answer 52

anterior thigh muscles and skin

Question 53

what does the obturator nerve innervate?

Answer 53

medial thigh muscles and skin

Question 54

what are the 3 boundaries of the femoral triangle?

Answer 54

lateral - medial sartorius medial - lateral adductor longus superior - inguinal ligament

Question 55

what are the contents of the femoral triangle ?

Answer 55

NAV ( lat to med) 1. femoral nerve 2. femoral artery 3. femoral vein

Question 56

within the femoral triangle, the femoral vein receives blood from what superficial vein?

Answer 56

the great saphenous vein