Anatomy of Accessory Organs

Question 1

Teeth

Answer 1

• types: incisors (cut), canines (tear and pierce), premolars and molars (crush and grind)
• structure: crown (exposed area), neck (gum), root (in jaw bone)
• two sets: primary dentition (20), and permanent dentition (32)

Question 2

Crown of teeth

Answer 2

• enamel: hard material covering crown
• dentin: bone-like material that forms shock absorber (also in roots)
• pulp cavity: holds blood vessels and nerves

Question 3

Root

Answer 3

-cementum: covers root, attaches it to periodontal ligament
-periodontal
Membrane: holds teeth in place in the jaw

Question 4

Tongue

Answer 4

• positions food, mixes it with saliva, forms bolus, initiated swallowing, functions in speech
• intrinsic and extrinsic muscles control movement
• attached to the floor of the mouth by lingual frenulum
• peglike projections increase friction and function in taste (papillae - taste buds)

Question 5

Salivary glands

Answer 5

• secretes saliva: for chemical digestion, bolus formation, mouth cleaning, tasting
• produced mostly by extrinsic salivary glands, outside oral cavity, connected by ducts (parotid, submandibular, sublingual)
• some made by intrinsic salivary glands in the oral mucosa

Question 6

Liver

Answer 6

• largest organ
• four major lobes: falciforme ligament separates R & L lobes, suspends liver from the diaphragm, abdominal wall
• produces bile: digests lipid

Question 7

Gallbladder

Answer 7

• storage organ for bike
• about the size of a kiwi fruit
• mucosa has golds allowing it to expand
• muscular wall expels bike into cystic duct

Question 8

Pancreas

Answer 8

• endocrine function: produces insulin and glucagon
• exocrine function: produces pancreatic juice (containing digestive enzyme)
• drained by the main and accessory pancreatic duct