Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Principles: Histology > Anatomy of a Cell > Flashcards

Anatomy of a Cell Flashcards

1
Q

What is an eukaryotic cells

A

outer membrane
inner cystol - solution of proteins electrolytes & carbohydrates
membrane bound organelles
inclusions - other structures in cytoplasm
cytoskeleton - shape/fluidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the cytoskeleton made of

A

microtubules (25nm) - composed of tubulin
Intermediate filaments (>10nm) - 6 main proteins
Microfillaments (7nm) - composed of actin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the plasmalemma

A 
separates cytoplasm from outer environment
amphipathic phospholipid bilayer
intergral proteins
Can exocytose and endocytose material
fluid mosaic 
selectively permeable
embedded cholesterol 
can change shape
some membrane proteins diffuse bilaterally, some anchored
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

function of Golgi apparatus

A

modification and packaging of macromolecules/secretions from SER eg adds sugars/cleaves proteins
composed of flattened membrane bound cisternae
Transport vesicles arrive at Golgi from SER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

function of lysosomes

A

hydrolytic enzymes for intracellular digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

function of mitochondria

A

energy production generate ATP
inner & outer membrane
inner folded to form cristae
synthesis of certain lipids and proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

function of rough ER

A

protein synthesis
studded with ribosomes
initiation of glycoprotein
lots in high metabolically active cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

function of smooth ER

A

cholesterol and lipid synthesis
detoxification
Continues processing of protein from RER
extensive in leydig cell - steroid hormone producing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are inclusions

A

dispensable
can be transients
components synthesised by the cell OR
Taken up from extracellular environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

function of cytoskeleton

A

attach to cell membrane and each other by anchoring and join proteins to form dynamic 3D scaffolding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe microtubules

A

originate from centrosome - organising centre
Polar, radiate outwards
assemble and dissemble
motorway network of cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What proteins help to move microtubules along

A

Kinesin - ATPase moves towards cell periphery
Dynein - ATPase moves towards cell centre
attach to microtubules move along them associate with membrane of organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why are microtubules important

A

important in movement of long processes eg. axonal process of neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are centrioles

A

composed of specialised microtubule segments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the nucleus

A

enclosed by nuclear envelope - inner & outer membrane with nuclear pores
continuity with cytoplasmic RER
outer nuclear membrane studded with ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the function of the nucleus

A

site of RNA synthesis - mRNA, tRNA in nucleus, rRNA in nucleolus
contains chromosomes

17
Q

What does the nucleus contain

A

Euchromatin DNA actively undergoing transcription

Heterochromatic DNA highly condensed, not undergoing transcription

18
Q

describe the endoplasmic reticulum

A

net-like

forms network of interconnecting membrane bound cell compartments

19
Q

Function of ribosome

A

protein synthesis
synthesised in nucelolus
small subunit bind RNA
large subunit catalyses peptide bond formation

20
Q

what does export of ribosomes depend on

A

nuclear pore complex

21
Q

What is synthesised on polysomes floating free in cystol

A

proteins that are to remain unpacked in cystol

22
Q

describe the roles of mitochondria

A

generates ATP via oxidative phosphorylation
synthesis of lipids/proteins
contain own DNA

23
Q

why do mitochondria have an inner membrane that is highly folded forming cristae

A

to increase surface area

24
Q

What are occluding junctions

A

tight junction
prevent diffusion
link cells to form occlusion barrier
zonula occludens

25
Q

what are anchoring junctions

A

provide mechanical strength
adherent junctions
link submembrane actin bundles of adjacent cells
transmembrane cadherin bind together in extracellular space and bind to actin of cytoskeleton
zonula adherens

26
Q

What are desmosomes

A

link submembrane intermediate filaments of adjacent cells

27
Q

what are hemidesmosomes

A

link submembrane intermediate filaments of cells to extracellular matrix through transmembrane proteins

28
Q

what are communicating junctions

A

allow movement of molecules between cells
gap junctions
each junction is a circular patch studded with pores - produced by connexion proteins
found in epithelium, smooth and cardiac muscle

29
Q

What is endocytosis

A

membrane invaginate, fuses and newly made endocytotic vesicle buds into cell
receptor mediated

30
Q

What is exocytosis

A

opposite of endocytosis, vesicle fuses with membrane releasing contents into extracellular environment

31
Q

what is the process of phagocytosis

A

bacteria binds to cell surface, cell engulfs it to form phagosome binds with lysosome containing digestive enzymes producing of phagolysosome

Principles: Histology (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions