Anatomy- OAIN Upper Flashcards
Pectoralis Major- Origin
1) clavicular portion- clavicle
2) sternal-costal portion- sternum and upper ribs
3) abdominal portion- tendon of external oblique muscle
Pectoralis Major- Insertion
greater tubercle- intertubercular groove/humerus
Pectoralis Major- Action
1) entire muscle- adduction and medial rotation of humerus (medial rotation against resistance)
2) entire muscle- forced inspiration by elevating the rib cage when humerus is fixed
3) clavicular portion- flexes humerus at shoulder joint
4) sternocostal portion- extends humerus at shoulder joint (when humerus is in a flexed position)
Pectoralis Major- Nerve
Medial Pectoral Nerve
Lateral Pectoral Nerve
Pectoralis Minor- Origin
upper ribs
Pectoralis Minor- Insertion
coracoid process/scapula
Pectoralis Minor- Action
1) involved with protraction/abduction of scapula
2) elevates ribcage and this involved with forced inspiration
Pectoralis Minor- Nerve
Medial Pectoral Nerve
Subclavian- Origin
first rib
Subclavian- Insertion
subclavian groove/clavicle
Subclavian- Action
1) moves clavicle medially
2) acts as a protective cushion between clavicle and subclavian vessels
Subclavian- Nerve
Nerve to the Subclavius
Trapezius- Origin
1) superior nuchel line/occiput
2) external occipital protuberance
3) ligamentum nuchae
4) spines of the thoracic vertebrae
Trapezius- Insertion
1) clavicle
2) acromion process and spine/scapula
Trapezius- Action
1) stabilizes the scapula (holds it in normal anatomical position)
2) upper portion- elevates scapula
3) middle and lower portions- adduct/retract scapula
Trapezius- Nerve
Motor- Spinal Accessory Nerve (Cranial Nerve XI)
Sensory- C4 and C5
Rhomboid Major- Origin
spine/upper thoracics
Rhomboid Major- Insertion
vertebral border/scapula
Rhomboid Major- Action
1) elevate and adduct/retract scapula
2) helps stabilize scapula
Rhomboid Major- Nerve
Dorsal Scapular Nerve
Rhomboid Minor- Origin
spine/lower cervical and T1
Rhomboid Minor- Insertion
vertebral border/scapula
Rhomboid Minor- Action
1) elevate and adduct/retract scapula
2) helps stabilize scapula
Rhomboid Minor- Nerve
Dorsal Scapular Nerve
Levator Scapula- Origin
transverse processes/upper cervical vertebrae
Levator Scapula- Insertion
superior angle/scapula
Levator Scapula- Action
1) elevate scapula
2) adduct/retract scapula
3) stabilize scapula
Levator Scapula- Nerve
Dorsal Scapular Nerve
Latissimus Dorsi- Origin
1) spines/lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
2) thoracodorsal fascia
3) crest of the ilium
Latissimus Dorsi- Insertion
intertubercular groove (lesser tubercle)
Latissimus Dorsi- Action
1) extend, adduct and medially rotate the humerus
2) involved with forced expiration
Latissimus Dorsi- Nerve
Thoracodorsal Nerve
Serratus Anterior- Origin
upper ribs
Serratus Anterior- Insertion
vertebral border/scapula
Serratus Anterior- Action
1) abduction/protraction of scapula
2) stabilizes the scapula
3) involved with forced inspiration (only when humerus is abducted)
Serratus Anterior- Nerve
Long Thoracic
Deltoid- Origin
1) anterior/clavicular portion- clavicle
2) middle/acromial portion- acromion process of scpula
3) posterior portion- spinous process of scapula
Deltoid- Insertion
deltoid tuberosity/humerus
Deltoid- Action
1) anterior portion- flex and medially rotate arm
2) middle portion- abducts arm
3) posterior portion- extend and laterally rotate arm
Deltoid- Nerve
Axillary Nerve
Supraspinatus- Origin
supraspinous fossa/scapula
Supraspinatus- Insertion
greater tuberosity/humerus
Supraspinatus- Action
1) initiates abduction of arm
2) helps laterally rotate humerus
3) helps stabilize shoulder joint
Supraspinatus- Nerve
Suprascapular Nerve
Infraspinatus- Origin
infraspinous fossa/scapula
Infraspinatus- Insertion
greater tuberosity/humerus
Infraspinatus- Action
1) laterally rotates humerus
2) stabilizes shoulder joint
Infraspinatus- Nerve
Suprascapular Nerve
Subscapularis- Origin
subscapular fossa/scapula
Subscapularis- Insertion
lesser tuberosity/humerus
Subscapularis- Action
1) medially rotates humerus
2) stabilizes shoulder joint
Subscapularis- Nerve
Upper Subscapular Nerve
Lower Subscapular Nerve
Teres Major- Origin
inferior angle/scapula
Teres Major- Insertion
intertubercular groove (lesser tuberosity)
Teres Major- Action
1) adducts humerus
2) stabilizes shoulder joint
3) medially rotates humerus
Teres Major- Nerve
Lower Subscapular Nerve
Teres Minor- Origin
axillary border/scapula
Teres Minor- Insertion
greater tuberosity/humerus
Teres Minor- Action
1) laterally rotates humerus
2) stabilizes shoulder joint
Teres Minor- Nerve
Axillary Nerve
Biceps Brachii- Origin
1) short head- coracoid process of scapula
2) long head- supraglenoid tubercle/scapula
Biceps Brachii- Insertion
1) tubersoity/radius
2) shaft/ulna
Biceps Brachii- Action
flexion of forearm, supinates the radius (prime mover)
Biceps Brachii- Nerve
Musculocutaneous Nerve
Coracobrachialis- Origin
coracoid process/scapula
Coracobrachialis- Insertion
shaft/humerus
Coracobrachialis- Action
1) flexion and weak adduction of arm (shoulder joint)
2) stabilizes shoulder joint
Coracobrachialis- Nerve
Musculocutaneous Nerve
Brachialis- Origin
shaft/humerus
Brachialis- Insertion
coronoid process/ulna
Brachialis- Action
flexes forearm (equal prime mover)
Brachialis- Nerve
Musculocutaneous Nerve
Triceps Brachii- Origin
1) long head- infraglenoid tubercle/scapula
2) lateral head- shaft/humerus
3) medial head- shaft/humerus
Triceps Brachii- Insertion
olecranon process/ulna
Triceps Brachii- Action
extension of forearm
Triceps Brachii- Nerve
Radial Nerve
Pronator Teres- Origin
1) medial epicondyle/humerus
2) coronoid process/ulna
Pronator Teres- Insertion
pronator ridge/radius
Pronator Teres- Action
1) pronates forearm at superior radioulnar joint
2) assists flexion at elbow joint
Pronator Teres- Nerve
Median Nerve
Flexor Carpi Radialis- Origin
medial epicondyle/humerus
Flexor Carpi Radialis- Insertion
2nd metacarpal with small slip to 3rd metacarpal
Flexor Carpi Radialis- Action
1) equal prime mover for flexion of hand at wrist joint
2) assists in abduction of hand
Flexor Carpi Radialis- Nerve
Median Nerve
Palmaris Longus- Origin
medial epicondyle/humerus
Palmaris Longus- Insertion
palmar aponeurosis
Palmaris Longus- Action
1) helps hand flex
2) tightens fascia of palm/helps with palmar grip
Palmaris Longus- Nerve
Median Nerve
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris- Origin
1) medial epicondyle/humerus
2) olecranon process ulna
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris- Insertion
1) pisiform
2) hamate
3) 5th metacarpal
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris- Action
1) equal prime mover for flexion of hand (at wrist joint)
2) adducts hand
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris- Nerve
Ulnar Nerve
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis- Origin
medial epicondyle/humerus
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis- Insertion
middle phalanges/digits 2-5
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis- Action
1) flexes the PIP joints of digits 2-5
2) helps flex hand
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis- Nerve
Median Nerve
Flexor Digitorum Profundus- Origin
shaft/ulna
Flexor Digitorum Profundus- Insertion
distal phalanges/digits 2-5
Flexor Digitorum Profundus- Action
1) flexes the DIP joints of digits 2-5
2) helps flex hand
Flexor Digitorum Profundus- Nerve
Ulnar Nerve
Median Nerve
Flexor Pollicis Longus- Origin
shaft/radius
Flexor Pollicis Longus- Insertion
distal phalanx/digit 1
Flexor Pollicis Longus- Action
flexes the thumb (digit 1) at IP joint
Flexor Pollicis Longus- Nerve
Median Nerve
Pronator Quadratus- Origin
shaft/ulna
Pronator Quadratus- Insertion
shaft/radius
Pronator Quadratus- Action
1) pronation of forearm at the inferior radioulnar joint
2) helps stabilize the inferior radioulnar joint
Pronator Quadratus- Nerve
Median Nerve
Brachioradialis- Origin
lateral supracondylar ridge/humerus
Brachioradialis- Insertion
styloid process/radius
Brachioradialis- Action
1) helps flex forearm
2) pronates and supinates the forearm
Brachioradialis- Nerve
Radial Nerve
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus- Origin
lateral epicondyle/humerus
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus- Insertion
2nd metacarpal
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus- Action
1) extend the hand
2) abduct the hand
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus- Nerve
Radial Nerve
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis- Origin
lateral epicondyle/humerus
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis- Insertion
3rd metacarpal
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis- Action
1) extend the hand
2) abduct the hand
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis- Nerve
Radial Nerve
Extensor Digitorum Maximus- Origin
lateral epicondyle/humerus
Extensor Digitorum Maximus- Insertion
middle phalanx/digits 2-5
Extensor Digitorum Maximus- Action
1) extend digits 2-5
2) extend hand
3) abducts digits 2, 4, 5
Extensor Digitorum Maximus- Nerve
Radial Nerve
Extensor Digiti Minimi- Origin
lateral epicondyle/humerus
Extensor Digiti Minimi- Insertion
proximal phalanx/digit 5
Extensor Digiti Minimi- Action
extend digit 5 (little finger)
Extensor Digiti Minimi- Nerve
Radial Nerve
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris- Origin
lateral epicondyle/humerus
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris- Insertion
5th metacarpal
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris- Action
1) extend hand
2) help adduct hand
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris- Nerve
Radial Nerve
Supinator- Origin
1) lateral epicondyle/humerus
2) supinator crest/ulna
Supinator- Insertion
shaft/radius
Supinator- Action
supinates forearm
Supinator- Nerve
Radial Nerve
Abductor Pollicis Longus- Origin
shaft/ulna and radius
Abductor Pollicis Longus- Insertion
1st metacarpal
Abductor Pollicis Longus- Action
abducts digit 1 at CM joint
Abductor Pollicis Longus- Nerve
Radial Nerve
Extensor Pollicis Brevis- Origin
shalf/radius
Extensor Pollicis Brevis- Insertion
proximal phalanx/digit 1
Extensor Pollicis Brevis- Action
extends digit 1 at MP joint
Extensor Pollicis Brevis- Nerve
Radial Nerve
Extensor Pollicis Longus- Origin
shaft/ulna
Extensor Pollicis Longus- Insertion
distal phalanx/digit 1
Extensor Pollicis Longus- Action
extends digit 1 at IP joint
Extensor Pollicis Longus- Nerve
Radial Nerve
Extensor Indicis- Origin
shaft/ulna
Extensor Indicis- Insertion
proximal phalanx/digit 2
Extensor Indicis- Action
extends digit 2 at MP joint
Extensor Indicis- Nerve
Radial Nerve
Anconeus- Origin
lateral epicondyle/humerus
Anconeus- Insertion
olecranon process/ulna
Anconeus- Action
extend forearm
Anconeus- Nerve
Radial Nerve
Abductor Pollicis Brevis- Origin
1) trapezium
2) scaphoid
Abductor Pollicis Brevis- Insertion
proximal phalanx/digit 1
Abductor Pollicis Brevis- Action
abducts digit 1 at MP joint
Abductor Pollicis Brevis- Nerve
Median Nerve
Opponens Pollicis- Origin
trapezium
Opponens Pollicis- Insertion
1st metacarpal
Opponens Pollicis- Action
medially rotates 1st metacarpal
Opponens Pollicis- Nerve
Median Nerve
Flexor Pollicis Brevis- Origin
1) trapezium
2) trapezoid
3) capitate
Flexor Pollicis Brevis- Insertion
proximal phalanx/digit 1
Flexor Pollicis Brevis- Action
flexes digit 1 at MP joint
Flexor Pollicis Brevis- Nerve
Ulnar Nerve
Median Nerve
Adductor Pollicis- Origin
1) oblique head- trapezoid, capitate, 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
2) transverse head- 3rd metacarpal
Adductor Pollicis- Insertion
proximal phalanx/digit 1
Adductor Pollicis- Action
adducts digit 1
Adductor Pollicis- Nerve
Ulnar Nerve
Abductor Digiti Minimi- Origin
pisiform
Abductor Digiti Minimi- Insertion
proximal phalanx/digit 5
Abductor Digiti Minimi- Action
abducts digit 5
Abductor Digiti Minimi- Nerve
Ulnar Nerve
Flexor Digiti Minimi- Origin
hamate
Flexor Digiti Minimi- Insertion
proximal phalanx/digit 5
Flexor Digiti Minimi- Action
flexes digit 5 at MP joint
Flexor Digiti Minimi- Nerve
Ulnar Nerve
Opponens Digiti Minimi- Origin
hamate
Opponens Digiti Minimi- Insertion
5th metacarpal
Opponens Digiti Minimi- Action
laterally rotates 5th metacarpal
Opponens Digiti Minimi- Nerve
Ulnar Nerve
Lumbricales- Origin
tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle
Lumbricales- Insertion
tendons of the extensor digitorum muscle
Lumbricales- Action
1) flexes MP joint
2) extends IP joint
Lumbricales- Nerve
1st and 2nd lumbricales- Median Nerve
3rd and 4th lumbricales- Ulnar Nerve
Dorsal Interossei- Origin
2nd, 3rd and 4th metacarpals
Dorsal Interossei- Insertion
proximal phalanx of digits 2, 3, and 4
Dorsal Interossei- Action
1) abduct digits 2-4
2) flex MP joints
3) extend IP joints
Dorsal Interossei- Nerve
Ulnar Nerve
Palmar Interossei- Origin
2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th metacarpals
Palmar Interossei- Insertion
proximal phalanx of digits 2, 4, and 5
Palmar Interossei- Action
1) adduct digits 2, 4, and 5
2) flex MP joints
3) extend IP joints
Palmar Interossei- Nerve
Ulnar Nerve