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Patho III Neuro/psych > Anatomy Neuro > Flashcards

Anatomy Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Macroglia cells contain

A

Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymal cells

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2
Q

Can neural cells usually multiply ?

A

No

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3
Q

CNS consists of…

A

Brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves I & II

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4
Q

What are the three functions of the nervous system?

A

Sensory, integrative, and motor

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5
Q

Microglia should not be found where?

A

Spinal fluid

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6
Q

Frontal lobe problems after injury

A

-emotions
-language
-memory
-social and sexual changes
(Personality changes)

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7
Q

Frontal lobes are located

A

behind the forehead, largest lobes of the brain. They are prone to injury because they sit just inside the front of the skull and near rough bony ridges.

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8
Q

Frontal lobes are involved in….

A
  • planning & organization
  • problem solving & decision making (higher cognitive function)
  • memory retention
  • voluntary eye movement
  • voluntary motor movement
  • Broca’s area (expressive speech)
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9
Q

Parietal lobes are located

A

behind the frontal lobes

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10
Q

The parietal lobes…

A

Integrate spatial information, and contain the sensory cortex

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11
Q

Damage to the parietal lobes may result in…

A

an inability to locate parts of your body, and an inability to recognize parts of your body

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12
Q

Temporal lobes are located

A

on the sides of the brain under the parietal lobes and behind the frontal lobes at about the level of the ears

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13
Q

The temporal lobes…

A

Integrates somatic, visual and auditory data, and Wernicke’s area (borders parietal)- receptive speech, is the inability to understand speech

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14
Q

Temporal lobe problems after injury…

A
  • hearing loss
  • language problems
  • sensory problems, like the inability to recognize a familiar persons face
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15
Q

Occipital lobes are located

A

At the lower back of the head

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16
Q

The occipital lobes are involved in

A

The processing of sight

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17
Q

Occipital lobe problems after injury…

A
  • visual field defects

- distorted perceptions of size, color, and shape

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18
Q

Basal ganglia

A

Initiation, execution and completion of voluntary movements, learning, emotional response,and autonomic movements associated with skeletal muscle activity

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19
Q

Thalamus

A

Major relay center for afferent input to cerebral cortex

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20
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Homeostasis, regulates ANS and endocrine system

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21
Q

Limbic system “primitive brain”

A

Emotion, aggression, feeding behavior, and sexual response

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22
Q

Hippocampus

A

Transfer of memory into long term storage

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23
Q

Fornix

A

Connects the hippocampus to hypothalamus

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24
Q

Amygdala

A

Autonomic response to fear, emotional response, especially anxiety

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25
The brain stem is located...
At the base of the brain,and is composed of the mid brain, pons, and the medulla.
26
Medulla
Vital center concerned with respiratory, vasomotor, and cardiac function
27
Reticular formation
Relays sensory information, influences excitation/inhibition of spinal motor neurons, controls vasomotor/respiratory activity
28
Reticular activating system (RAS)
Arousal/ sleep-wake transitions + the centers for sneezing, coughing, hiccuping, vomiting, sucking, swallowing
29
Neurons contain two types of cells
Microglia and macroglia
30
Brain stem problems after injury...
Injury to the brain stem can disrupt basic functions so that hey are no longer regulated automatically. The functions include: - HR - breathing - swallowing
31
Brain stem is composed of...
Midbrain, pons, and medulla
32
Cerebellum is located..
At the back of the brain
33
The cerebellum...
- Coordinates voluntary movements | - maintains trunk stability and equilibrium
34
The cerebellum allows us to..
- stand upright - keep our balance - move around
35
Cerebellum problems after injury include
- uncoordinated movement - loss of muscle tone - unsteady gait (cannot maintain balance)
36
Peripheral nervous system contains
1) somatic nervous system | 2) peripheral components of autonomic nervous system
37
SAME DAVE
S-sensory A-afferent M-motor E-efferent D-dorsal root A-afferent V-ventral root E-efferent
38
Dermatome (skin)
Region of sensory innervation
39
Autonomic nervous system via parasympathetic, sympathetic divisions connects CNS with:
- smooth muscle - cardiac muscle - internal organs - glands
40
Parasympathetic
Cholinergic
41
Parasympathetic
Rest and digest
42
Parasympathetic originates:
In medulla/sacrum
43
Parasympathetic neurotransmitters
- ACH(pre-ganglionic) | - ACH(target organ)
44
Parasympathetic receptors:
Nicotinic/Muscarinic
45
Parasympathetic neurotransmitters are catabolized by:
AchE & pseudocholinesterase
46
Sympathetic nervous system
Adrenergic
47
SNS
Fight or flight
48
SNS originates:
In spinal cord
49
SNS neurotransmitters:
- ACH (pre-ganglionic) | - NE(target muscle/gland)
50
SNS receptors:
Alpha & beta
51
SNS neurotransmitters catabolized by:
MAO (monoamine oxidase) & COMT (catecholamine-O-methyltransferase)
52
Neurotransmitters can be..
Excitatory or inhibitory
53
They will continue to combine with receptor sites at postsynaptic membranes until they are:
1) inactivated by enzymes 2) taken up by pre synaptic endings 3) diffused away from synaptic region
54
Pre synaptic input can be summed by:
1) the number of pre synaptic cells firing (spatial summation) 2) the frequency of firing of a single pre synaptic cell (temporal summation) 3) both
55
At which vertebrae does the spinal cord stop..
L1, L2
56
The meninges consist of three layers
Dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater
57
Pia mater
Rich in blood vessels
58
Arachnoid
A-vascular
59
Circle of Willis
Vital to the brain
60
Circle of Willis serves as:
1) anastomotic pathway | 2) safety valve
61
There are no ________ in veins of the brain.
Valves
62
The blood brain barrier is there to __________ the brain from harmful substances.
Protect
63
These glial cells produce the myelin sheath.
Oligodendrocytes
64
The glial cells form the blood brain barrier; their proliferation causes gliosis in the CNS.
Astrocytes
65
These glial cells line the brain ventricles and secrete CSF.
Ependymal cells
66
These glial cells are important in phagocytosis.
Microglia

Patho III Neuro/psych (1 decks)

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