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Patho III Neuro/psych > Anatomy Neuro > Flashcards

Anatomy Neuro Flashcards

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1
Q

Macroglia cells contain

A

Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymal cells

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2
Q

Can neural cells usually multiply ?

A

No

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3
Q

CNS consists of…

A

Brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves I & II

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4
Q

What are the three functions of the nervous system?

A

Sensory, integrative, and motor

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5
Q

Microglia should not be found where?

A

Spinal fluid

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6
Q

Frontal lobe problems after injury

A

-emotions
-language
-memory
-social and sexual changes
(Personality changes)

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7
Q

Frontal lobes are located

A

behind the forehead, largest lobes of the brain. They are prone to injury because they sit just inside the front of the skull and near rough bony ridges.

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8
Q

Frontal lobes are involved in….

A
  • planning & organization
  • problem solving & decision making (higher cognitive function)
  • memory retention
  • voluntary eye movement
  • voluntary motor movement
  • Broca’s area (expressive speech)
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9
Q

Parietal lobes are located

A

behind the frontal lobes

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10
Q

The parietal lobes…

A

Integrate spatial information, and contain the sensory cortex

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11
Q

Damage to the parietal lobes may result in…

A

an inability to locate parts of your body, and an inability to recognize parts of your body

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12
Q

Temporal lobes are located

A

on the sides of the brain under the parietal lobes and behind the frontal lobes at about the level of the ears

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13
Q

The temporal lobes…

A

Integrates somatic, visual and auditory data, and Wernicke’s area (borders parietal)- receptive speech, is the inability to understand speech

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14
Q

Temporal lobe problems after injury…

A
  • hearing loss
  • language problems
  • sensory problems, like the inability to recognize a familiar persons face
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15
Q

Occipital lobes are located

A

At the lower back of the head

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16
Q

The occipital lobes are involved in

A

The processing of sight

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17
Q

Occipital lobe problems after injury…

A
  • visual field defects

- distorted perceptions of size, color, and shape

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18
Q

Basal ganglia

A

Initiation, execution and completion of voluntary movements, learning, emotional response,and autonomic movements associated with skeletal muscle activity

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19
Q

Thalamus

A

Major relay center for afferent input to cerebral cortex

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20
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Homeostasis, regulates ANS and endocrine system

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21
Q

Limbic system “primitive brain”

A

Emotion, aggression, feeding behavior, and sexual response

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22
Q

Hippocampus

A

Transfer of memory into long term storage

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23
Q

Fornix

A

Connects the hippocampus to hypothalamus

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24
Q

Amygdala

A

Autonomic response to fear, emotional response, especially anxiety

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25
Q

The brain stem is located…

A

At the base of the brain,and is composed of the mid brain, pons, and the medulla.

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26
Q

Medulla

A

Vital center concerned with respiratory, vasomotor, and cardiac function

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27
Q

Reticular formation

A

Relays sensory information, influences excitation/inhibition of spinal motor neurons, controls vasomotor/respiratory activity

28
Q

Reticular activating system (RAS)

A

Arousal/ sleep-wake transitions

+ the centers for sneezing, coughing, hiccuping, vomiting, sucking, swallowing

29
Q

Neurons contain two types of cells

A

Microglia and macroglia

30
Q

Brain stem problems after injury…

A

Injury to the brain stem can disrupt basic functions so that hey are no longer regulated automatically. The functions include:

  • HR
  • breathing
  • swallowing
31
Q

Brain stem is composed of…

A

Midbrain, pons, and medulla

32
Q

Cerebellum is located..

A

At the back of the brain

33
Q

The cerebellum…

A
  • Coordinates voluntary movements

- maintains trunk stability and equilibrium

34
Q

The cerebellum allows us to..

A
  • stand upright
  • keep our balance
  • move around
35
Q

Cerebellum problems after injury include

A
  • uncoordinated movement
  • loss of muscle tone
  • unsteady gait (cannot maintain balance)
36
Q

Peripheral nervous system contains

A

1) somatic nervous system

2) peripheral components of autonomic nervous system

37
Q

SAME DAVE

A

S-sensory
A-afferent
M-motor
E-efferent

D-dorsal root
A-afferent
V-ventral root
E-efferent

38
Q

Dermatome (skin)

A

Region of sensory innervation

39
Q

Autonomic nervous system via parasympathetic, sympathetic divisions connects CNS with:

A
  • smooth muscle
  • cardiac muscle
  • internal organs
  • glands
40
Q

Parasympathetic

A

Cholinergic

41
Q

Parasympathetic

A

Rest and digest

42
Q

Parasympathetic originates:

A

In medulla/sacrum

43
Q

Parasympathetic neurotransmitters

A
  • ACH(pre-ganglionic)

- ACH(target organ)

44
Q

Parasympathetic receptors:

A

Nicotinic/Muscarinic

45
Q

Parasympathetic neurotransmitters are catabolized by:

A

AchE & pseudocholinesterase

46
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Adrenergic

47
Q

SNS

A

Fight or flight

48
Q

SNS originates:

A

In spinal cord

49
Q

SNS neurotransmitters:

A
  • ACH (pre-ganglionic)

- NE(target muscle/gland)

50
Q

SNS receptors:

A

Alpha & beta

51
Q

SNS neurotransmitters catabolized by:

A

MAO (monoamine oxidase) & COMT (catecholamine-O-methyltransferase)

52
Q

Neurotransmitters can be..

A

Excitatory or inhibitory

53
Q

They will continue to combine with receptor sites at postsynaptic membranes until they are:

A

1) inactivated by enzymes
2) taken up by pre synaptic endings
3) diffused away from synaptic region

54
Q

Pre synaptic input can be summed by:

A

1) the number of pre synaptic cells firing (spatial summation)
2) the frequency of firing of a single pre synaptic cell (temporal summation)
3) both

55
Q

At which vertebrae does the spinal cord stop..

A

L1, L2

56
Q

The meninges consist of three layers

A

Dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

57
Q

Pia mater

A

Rich in blood vessels

58
Q

Arachnoid

A

A-vascular

59
Q

Circle of Willis

A

Vital to the brain

60
Q

Circle of Willis serves as:

A

1) anastomotic pathway

2) safety valve

61
Q

There are no ________ in veins of the brain.

A

Valves

62
Q

The blood brain barrier is there to __________ the brain from harmful substances.

A

Protect

63
Q

These glial cells produce the myelin sheath.

A

Oligodendrocytes

64
Q

The glial cells form the blood brain barrier; their proliferation causes gliosis in the CNS.

A

Astrocytes

65
Q

These glial cells line the brain ventricles and secrete CSF.

A

Ependymal cells

66
Q

These glial cells are important in phagocytosis.

A

Microglia

Patho III Neuro/psych (1 decks)

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