Anatomy Muscle Tissue Flashcards
What are the functions of Muscle Tissue?
Produce movements, maintain posture, joint stabilization, produce heat.
What surrounds the fascicles?
Perimysium
What is the overcoat surrounding the entire muscle?
Epimysium
Thick filaments that contain (red) and extend across the entire length of A band are called?
Myosin
Thin filaments (blue) that extend across the entire length of I band and partially into A band and anchored by Z disks are called?
Actin
System of tubular sacs similar to smooth ER in non muscle cells (houses and releases calcium that allows to start contraction)
Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
The “end sacs” that are perpendicular cross-channels at A band- band junction and release calcium to initiate muscle contraction are called?
Terminal Cisternae
The action when actin slides past myosin is called.
power stroke
A state of muscular rigidity that begins 3-4 hours after death and lasts about 24 hours
rigor mortis
A tension generated without muscle shortening, helps to maintain posture and supports objects in a fixed position.
isometric contraction
An exercise that uses oxygen, increases number of capillaries, mitochondria-distance runners
Aerobic exercise
An exercise that doesn’t use oxygen, increase muscle strength (one rep max) and muscle power (strength/time)
Anaerobic exercise
Attached to tendons/bones, striated, under voluntary control and multinucleated
skeletal muscle
Forms most of the wall of the heart, striated, involuntary control, one centrally located nucleus
cardiac muscle
Non-striated, involuntary, one centrally located nucleus, found in walls of hollow internal structures
smooth muscle
What are the four properties of muscle tissue?
Excitability, contractility, extensibility, and elasticity
What are the extensions of deep fascia?
Epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium
Dense irregular connective tissue around muscle with similar functions
Deep fascia
Areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue underlying the skin
superficial fascia (subcutaneous layer)
A muscle fiber is also called a _____
Muscle cell
Each skeletal muscle is typically supplied by _____.
a nerve, artery, and two veins.
What do the capillaries in skeletal muscles do?
Bring oxygen and nutrients and remove heat and wastes
How do mature muscle cells develop?
From 100 myoblasts that fuse together in the fetus
Cells that retain the ability to generate new cells
Satellite cells
A threadlike structure, extending longitudinally through a muscle fiber (cell) consisting mainly of thick filaments (myosin) and thin filaments (actin, troponin, and tropomyosin)
Myofibril
What fills the sarcoplasm?
Myofibrils, glycogen and myoglobin (red-colored, oxygen-binding protein)
Tunnels of the sarcolemma into the center of the cell; carry muscle action potentials down into the cell
T(transverse) tubules
A network of saccules and tubes surrounding myofibrils of a muscle fiber (cell, comparable to endoplasmic reticulum
sarcoplasmic reticulum
The filaments of myofibrils are arranged into ______ ?
sarcomeres
A contractile unit in a striated muscle fiber (cell) extending from one Z disc to the next Z disc
sarcomere
Separates sarcomeres
Z discs
Function of sarcoplasmic reticulum
to reabsorb calcium ions during relaxation and release them to cause contraction
The middle of the sarcomere
M line
Length of thick filaments; dark
A band
Thin filaments only; light
I band
Thick and thin filaments overlap
Zone of overlap
Thick filaments only
H zone
Wasting away or decrease in size of a muscle
Atrophy
Covers myosin binding sites on the actin molecules
Tropomyosin
Moves tropomyosin aide & exposes myosin binding sites when Ca+ is released
Troponin
Elastic protein, keeps thick and thin filaments aligned
Tintin
A protein present in muscle fibers that aids in contraction and makes up the majority of muscle fiber
Myosin
A protein that mainly makes up the thin filaments in striations in skeletal muscle cells
Actin
What are three types of protein that make up myofibrils?
Contractile, regulatory, and structural
A bundle of muscle fibers surrounded by perimysium
fascicle
A single part of the fascicle that is surrounded by endomysium
Muscle fiber
What are the three connective tissue layers
Dense regular, Fibrous connective, Fine areolar
Point of contact between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle cell
Neuromuscular Junction
Space between neurons that translates nerve impulses
Synaptic cleft in the Neuromuscular Junction
Muscle that is under the control of the will
Voluntary muscle
Muscle that is NOT under the control of the will
Involuntary muscle
Carbohydrate store that can be broken down when needed
Glycogen
Stores oxygen within the muscle
Myoglobin
How do you produce a muscle contraction?
nerve impulse
Carry afferent electrical signal
Dendrites
Carry efferent electrical signal
Axon
Change in electrochemical gradient
Depolarization
What does depolarization result in charge wise?
Positive cell membrane
Part of the sarcolemma that has ACH receptors
Motor end plate
What does a z disco do?
Separates each individual sarcomere
What does the sarcomere contain?
Myofilaments
What is the elasticity of tintin?
can stretch 4x resting length/recoil
How does the elasticity of tintin help during contraction?
Helps sarcomere return to resting length after a contraction
