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T2 Anatomy > Anatomy Midterm (Slides 1-158) > Flashcards

Anatomy Midterm (Slides 1-158) Flashcards

1
Q

There are a total of __ vertebrae but only __ of them are moveable

A

There are a total of 33 vertebrae but only 24 of them are moveable

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2
Q 
Fill in the blanks:
cervical spine (_ vertebrae)
thoracic spine (\_\_ vertebrae)
lumbar spine (_ vertebrae)
sacrum (_ fused vertebrae)
coccyx (_ fused vertebrae)
A 
cervical spine (7 vertebrae)
thoracic spine (12 vertebrae)
lumbar spine (5 vertebrae)
sacrum (5 fused vertebrae)
coccyx (4 fused vertebrae)
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3
Q

T/F: Each vertebra is numbered from top to bottom.

A

True

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4
Q

What is the key function of intervertebral discs?

A

Weight-bearing

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5
Q

T/F: There is no intervertebral disc between C1 and C2

A

True

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6
Q

Each Intervertebral disc has a fibrous outer layer called the _______ ______.

A

Annulus fibrosis

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7
Q

The annulus of an intervertebral disc surrounds the inner substance which is called the ________ _______.

A

Nucleus pulposus

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8
Q

Are the intervertebral discs innervated? Are they vascularized?

A

They are aneural, except in the peripheral 1/3rd.

They are avascular.

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9
Q 
Are the following spinal segments lordotic or kyphotic? 
cervical 
thoracic 
lumbar 
sacral
A

cervical (lordotic)
thoracic (kyphotic)
lumbar (lordotic)
sacral (kyphotic)

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10
Q

The ________ and _______ curves are termed primary (bc they develop during the fetal period)

A

The thoracic and sacral curves.

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11
Q

The ________ and _______ are termed secondary (bc they develop when the infant starts lifting their head and walking).

A

The cervical and lumbar curves.

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12
Q

Large, heavy anterior part of the vertebra.

A

Vertebral body

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13
Q

Vertebral bodies get _______ as you progress inferiorly.

A

Larger

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14
Q

The part of the vertebra that encloses the vertebral foramen.

A

Vertebral arch

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15
Q

The arch is formed anteriorly by 2 ______s.

A

Pedicles

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16
Q

The pedicles project __________ from both sides of the __________ part of the vertebral body

A

They project posteriorly from both sides of the superior part of the vertebral body.

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17
Q

As the pedicles project posteriorly, they meet 2 ________.

A

Laminae

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18
Q

The laminae meet posteriorly to form a _______ ________.

A

Spinous process

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19
Q

A total of _ articular processes arise from the arch of each vertebra.

A

4

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20
Q

What is the a.k.a. for zygapophysial joints

A

Articular joints

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21
Q

This is the area between the superior and inferior articular processes (the most common fracture site)

A

Pars articularis

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22
Q

The vertebral notches of 2 adjacent vertebrae form an almost complete ring called the _________ _______.

A

Intervertebral foramen

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23
Q

Upper cervical spine: C_-_

Lower cervical spine: C_-_

A

Upper cervical spine: C 1-2

Lower cervical spine: C 3-7

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24
Q

The C1 vertebra has an articular facet for the ____ of C2.

A

Dens

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25
Q

The TVPs of C1 are projections from the _______ ______.

A

Lateral masses

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26
Q

The __________ _________ of C1 allows passage of the vertebral artery.

A

Transverse foramen allows passage of the vertebral artery.

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27
Q

T/F: C1 has no vertebral body but it has bifid SPs.

A

False, it has no vertebral body and no SPs.

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28
Q

What is the a.k.a. for the the odontoid process?

A

The Dens

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29
Q

C_-C_ SPs are bifid

A

C2-C6 SPs

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30
Q

Which vertebra is aka Vertebra Prominens?

A

C7

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31
Q

Upward bony projections on the posterolateral rims of the C-spine vertebral bodies.

A

Uncinate processes

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32
Q

What is an aka for the uncovertebral joints of the C-Spine?

A

Joints of Lushka

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33
Q

The uncovertebral joints provide stability in the C-Spine preventing excessive ________ translation

A

Lateral

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34
Q

On C6 the anterior tubercle is called the _______ tubercle.

A

Carotid tubercle

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35
Q

The largest vertebra is ___.

A

L5

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36
Q

A horizontal line drawn between the tops of the iliac crests landmarks ___ SP

A

L4

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37
Q

The top part of the sacrum, the WIDEST part, is called the _____.

A

Base

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38
Q

The pointed inferior edge of the sacrum.

A

The Apex

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39
Q

The part of the sacrum that articulates with L5.

A

Lumbosacral articular surface

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40
Q

The ‘wings’ of the sacrum.

A

Ala (pl. alae)

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41
Q

The pelvic surface of the sacrum is _________, the dorsal surface is ________.

A

Pelvic surface is concave, dorsal surface is convex

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42
Q

What type of joint is the lumbosacral joint?

A

Cartilaginous (with IVD)

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43
Q

What motion do the iliolumbar ligaments limit?

A

Lateral flexion.

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44
Q

The apex of the sacrum articulates with the base of the coccyx to form which joint?

A

The sacrococcygeal joint.

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45
Q

What type of joint are the Sacroiliac (SI) joints?

A

Synovial

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46
Q

These ligaments lie just anterior (deep) to the posterior SI ligaments.

A

Interosseous Sacroiliac ligaments

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47
Q

the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments are accessory ligaments to the __ joints

A

SI joints

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48
Q

The SPs of thoracic vertebra point ________ and _________.

A

Inferior and posterior

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49
Q

What is an aka for the sternal notch? On which bone is it located?

A

The jugular notch on the manubrium

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50
Q

On either side of the jugular notch is an articular facet where the manubrium articulates with the _______.

A

Clavicle

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51
Q

AKA for the body of the sternum.

A

The gladiolus

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52
Q

AKA for the manubriosternal joint.

A

Angle of Louis (or sternal angle)

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53
Q

The manubriosternal joint is a landmark for which rib?

A

Rib 2

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54
Q

Along the side of the gladiolus are costal notches for the articulation of ________ __________.

A

Costal cartilage

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55
Q

The thin process inferior to the body of the sternum.

A

Xiphoid process

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56
Q

Ribs __-__ are called ‘true’ ribs because they have a direct connection with the sternum via their own costal cartilage

A

Ribs 1-7

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57
Q

Ribs __-__ have an indirect connection with sternum (via the 7th ribs costal cartilage).

A

Ribs 8-10

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58
Q

Ribs __-__ are called ‘typical’ ribs because have the following characteristics: a head, neck, tubercle and shaft.

A

Ribs 2-10

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59
Q

Typical ribs have a costal groove, through which the ______ _______ passes.

A

Costal nerve

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60
Q

The _____ of a typical rib has 2 facets (superior and inferior) which articulate with 2 vertebral bodies, and a ________, which articulates with the TVP of the same number vertebra.

A

The head connects wit the vertebral bodies.

The tubercle connects with the TVP.

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61
Q

The _________ costal demi facet articulates with the head of the rib of the same number. (ie. the ________ costal demi facet on T4 articulates with rib 4)

A

Superior

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62
Q

The _________ costal facet articulates with the tubercle of the rib of the same number.

A

Transverse

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63
Q

Ribs 1, 11, 12 are ‘atypical’ because they articulate with only 1 ________ _____.

A

Vertebral body

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64
Q

T/F: ‘Atypical’ ribs articulate with the numerically corresponding vertebra.

A

True

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65
Q

Which muscles attach to special tubercles on rib 1?

A

The scalenes

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66
Q

Rib 1 contains grooves for the _________ artery and vein

A

Subclavian

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67
Q

Which ribs do not connect with a TVP?

A

Ribs 11 and 12 (Rib 1 still does)

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68
Q

The facet orientation of thoracic vertebra tends to be in the ________ plane, where as the facet orientation of lumbar vertebra tends to be in the ________ plane.

A

Thoracic: frontal/coronal
Lumbar: sagital

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69
Q

Superior angle landmarks rib __
Root of the spine of the scapula landmarks rib __
Inferior angle landmarks rib __ or __

A

superior angle landmarks rib 2
root of the spine of the scapula landmarks rib 3
inferior angle landmarks rib 7 or 8

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70
Q

Intervertebral joints are designed for strength and weight bearing. They are classified as _________ joints.

A

Cartilaginous

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71
Q

The superior articular facets on the lateral masses of C1 articulate with the __________ ________ of the skull.

A

Occipital condyles

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72
Q

What type of joint is the Atlanto-Occipital joint?

A

Synovial condyloid

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73
Q

What ligament supports the atlanto-occipital joint?

A

Atlanto-occipital membrane

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74
Q

What type of joint is the Atlanto-Axial joint? What movement happens there?

A

Synovial pivot. Rotation only.

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75
Q

Which ligament holds the dens of C2 against the anterior arch of C1?

A

Transverse ligament of the atlas

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76
Q

Bands of this ligament travel from transverse ligament superiorly to the occipital bone and inferiorly to the body of C2.

A

Cruciate/Cruciform ligament

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77
Q

Ligament that goes from the dens to lateral margins of foramen magnum.

A

Alar ligaments

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78
Q

Ligament that goes from the dens to anterior margin of foramen magnum.

A

Apical ligament

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79
Q

Ligament that travels/is anchored to the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies and IVDs from sacrum to C2

A

Posterior Longitudinal ligament (PLL)

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80
Q

What two things do the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament do?

A

Checks hyperflexion of the spine.

Prevents posterior protrusion of the IVD.

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81
Q

the most superior part of the PLL is the _________ _________, which attaches onto the occiput.

A

Tectorial membrane

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82
Q

Ligament that travels/is anchored to the anterior aspect of the vertebral bodies and IVDs from sacrum to occiput.

A

Anterior Longitudinal ligament

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83
Q

What two things do the Anterior Longitudinal Ligament do?

A

Checks hyperextension of the spine.

Stabilizes intervertebral joints.

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84
Q

What types of joints are the facet joints?

A

Synovial plane

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85
Q

What movements are available at the facet joints?

A

Flexion
Extension
Lateral flexion (L,R)
Rotation (L,R)

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86
Q

Factors Affecting _______ of facet joints:
• size and shape of IVDs
• angle of the facet joints
• laxity of ligaments/joint capsules

A

Range of Motion

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87
Q

Which ligament connects from lamina to lamina of sacrum up to C1, helps preserve normal curves and helps return spine to normal position after flexion?

A

Ligamentum Flava

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88
Q

Which ligaments between the SPs limit flexion by preventing excessive forward flexion?

A

Interspinous ligaments

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89
Q

How far inferior do supraspinous ligaments go?

A

From sacrum to C7

90
Q

Which ligament runs from C7 to back of the skull and is responsible for thickening of the interspinous/supraspinous ligaments?

A

Ligamentum Nuchae aka Nuchal ligament

91
Q

The only ‘bony’ articulation between the upper limb and the axial skeleton.

A

The sternoclavicular joint

92
Q

Where does the clavicle connect with the sternum? What type of joint is it?

A

Clavicle articulates with manubrium and costal cartilage of 1st rib. It’s a synovial saddle joint.

93
Q

What acts as a shock absorber for forces along clavicle?

A

The fibrocatrilagenous articular disc at the sternoclavicular joint

94
Q

What movements are available at the sternoclavicular joint?

A
  • elevation/depression
  • protraction/retraction
  • rotation
95
Q

Which ligament connects the first rib to sternal end of clavicle?

A

Costoclavicular ligament

96
Q

Which ligament connects the 2 SC joints across the manubrium?

A

Interclavicular ligament

97
Q

What type of joint is the manubriosternal joint? What movement is available there?

A

Cartilaginous

Some movement during respiration

98
Q

In which joint does the body of the sternum articulate with the xiphoid process? What type of joint is it?

A

Xiphisternal joint

Cartilaginous

99
Q

What types of joints are the Chondrosternal joints?

A

rib 1 and manubrium: cartilaginous

ribs 2-7: synovial

100
Q

In which joints do the lateral end of each costal cartilage fit into a cup-shaped anterior end of its associated rib? What types of joints are they?

A

Costochondral joints

Cartilaginous

101
Q

Which ligaments are responsible for supporting the costochondral joints?

A

None— they are supported/bound together by periosteum

102
Q

In which type of joints do the adjacent borders of the costal cartilages articulate? What classification of joints are they?

A

Interchondral

Synovial

103
Q

What types of joints are the costovertebral joints?

A

Synovial plane

104
Q

What ligament connects the head of the rib to the 2 vertebral bodies and disc in between?

A

Radiate ligament

105
Q

In what type of joint does the facet on the tubercle of the rib articulate with the costal facet on the associated
TVP? What classification of joint are they?

A

Costotransverse joint

Synovial plane

106
Q

The superficial layer of extrinsic back muscles connect the ______ _____ to the _____.

A

The upper limb to the trunk

107
Q

The intermediate layer of intrinsic back muscles are two accessory muscles of ____________.

A

Respiration

108
Q

The deep layer of intrinsic back muscles maintain __________ and move the spine/head

A

Posture

109
Q

The intermediate layer (of the deep muscles) of the back consists of 3 columns of muscles collectively called the ________ ______.

A

Erector spinae

110
Q

The intermediate layer (of the deep muscles) of the back, from ______ to _______, are:

(a) spinalis
(b) longissimus
(c) iliocostalis

A

Medial to lateral

111
Q

The transversospinalis (superomedial) muscles from _________ to _______, are:

  1. semispinalis (capitis, cervicis, thoracis)
  2. multifidus
  3. rotatores
A

Superficial to deep

112
Q

Where are the transversospinalis muscles found?

A

In the groove between the spinous and transverse processes (the laminar groove)

113
Q

These last two deep (deep) back muscles have a _______ fibredirection:

  1. interspinales
  2. intertransversarii
A

Vertical

114
Q

Serratus posterior superior is _______ to rhomboids (same fibredirection) and __________ to the erector spinae

A

Deep to rhomboids

Superficial to erector spinae

115
Q

What action does serratus posterior superior do?

A

Elevates ribs 2-5, during inspiration (bucket-handle movement)

116
Q

Serratus posterior inferior is deep to ____________ and ________ ______ ______.

A

Deep to latissimus/thoracolumbar fascia

117
Q

What action does serratus posterior inferior do?

A

Draws ribs down and back during forced expiration

118
Q

What is the result of unilateral contraction of splenius capiti vs. bilateral contraction?

A

Unilateral contraction: ipsilateral rotation

Bilateral contraction: extension of the neck

119
Q

Which muscle attaches from the SPs of T3 – T5 to the C1 – C4 TVPs and does the same action as splenius capitis?

A

Splenius cervicis

120
Q

Name the group of muscles arise inferiorly from the thoracolumbar fascia and spread out in a superolateral direction, and name their shared actions.

A

Intermediate layer (of the deep back muscles)

unilateral: lateral flexion of the vertebral column
bilateral: extension of the vertebral column

121
Q 
Which intermediate (deep) back muscle is very thin
and the shortest column?
A

Spinalis

122
Q

Which intermediate (deep) back muscle is the longest column, and is most visible and palpable?

A

Longissimus

123
Q

Which intermediate (deep) back muscle attaches to the rib muscles?

A

Iliocostalis

124
Q

Which muscle is the largest mass in the posterior neck?

A

Semispinalis

125
Q

What is the only muscle whose fibres run across the posterior sacrum?

A

Multifidis

126
Q

Which muscle is the deepest in the laminar groove?

A

Rotatores

127
Q

Which paired muscles on either side of cervical and lumbar SPs perform extension?

A

Interspinales

128
Q

Which muscle attaches to the TVPs of adjacent vertebrae of cervical and lumbar spine and performs lateral flexion?

A

Intertransversarii

129
Q

Which 4 small muscles deep to semispinalis capitis lay directly over the Atlanto-axial joint

A

Suboccipitals

130
Q

Which of the suboccipitals attaches to the dura mater, which may result in headaches by disruption of normal cerebrospinal fluid flow (CSF) and therefore the function of the vertebral artery and the suboccipital nerve?

A

Rectus capitis posterior minor

131
Q

Which of the suboccipitals is a key muscle for rotation of C1?

A

Obliquus capitis inferior

132
Q

Which of the suboccipitals does lateral flexion of the head on the neck?

A

Obliquus capitis superior

133
Q

What is contained within the suboccipital triangle?

A

The vertebral artery and the suboccipital nerve

134
Q

Name these boundaries of the suboccipital triangle:
inferolateral border: ______ _______ _______
superolateral border: ______ _______ ______
superomedial border: _____ ______ ______ _______
floor: posterior _______-_________ membrane
roof: __________

A

inferolateral border: obliquus capitis inferior
superolateral border: obliquus capitis superior
superomedial border: rectus capitis posterior major
floor: posterior atlanto-occipital membrane
roof: semispinalis

135
Q

The ________ ______: the head wants to follow where the eyes look.

A

The looking reflex

136
Q

A patient rolling their eyes ________ generates a small contraction in the suboccipital muscles and rolling them __________ will help them relax.

A

Rolling the eyes upward generates a small contraction in the suboccipital muscles and rolling them downward will help them relax.

137
Q

Which of the anterolateral neck muscle does flexion of the head AND neck?

A

Longus capitits

138
Q

Which of the scalenes attaches to rib 1, posterior to the subclavian artery?

A

Middle scalene

139
Q

Which of the scalenes does flexion of the neck when contracting bilaterally?

A

Anterior scalene

140
Q

Which of the scalenes elevates rib 2 during forced inhalation?

A

Posterior scalene

141
Q

Which anterolateral neck muscle can do flexion of the neck if the head/neck is in neutral or flexed, and
extension of the head (if the head is already extended)?

A

Sternocleidomastoid

142
Q

Define the borders of the anterior cervical triangle:
base: ________
lateral border: ______
medial border: _________ _______ __ _____

A

base: mandible
lateral border: SCM
medial border: midsagittal plane of the neck

143
Q

Define the borders of the posterior cervical triangle:
base: ______
anterior border: _______
posterior border: _________

A

base: clavicle
anterior border: SCM
posterior border: trapezius

144
Q

Just inferior to where the pharynx splits into the trachea and the esophagus, organ for voice production.

A

Larynx

145
Q

Adam’s apple – formed by the _______ _______.

A

Thyroid cartilage

146
Q

thyroid gland: __________ to the trachea, _________ to the thyroid cartilage

A

Anterior to the trachea, inferior to the thyroid cartilage

147
Q

This bone is part of the anterior neck superior to the thyroid cartilage (part of the larynx).

A

Hyoid bone

148
Q

What movement do the suprahyoids perform when the hyoid is fixed?

A

Assist in depressing (lowering) the mandible

149
Q

Which of the infrahyoids attaches to the superior border of the scapula near the suprascapular notch?

A

Omohyoid (inferior belly)

150
Q

The abdomen is the area between the _________ and the ______.

A

The diaphragm and the pelvis

151
Q

The dividing lines for the 4 quadrants of the abdomen are based on the mid-sagittal plane and the __________ plane (the transverse plane passing through the umbilicus or belly button).

A

transumbilical

152
Q

The right and left sides of rectus abdominus are separated by the ______ ____.

A

Linea alba

153
Q

Which abdominal muscle is most superficial?

A

External obliques

154
Q

The fibre direction of external obliques is _________ and _____________.

A

Anteriorly and inferomedially

155
Q

The fibre direction of internal obliques is _________ and _____________.

A

Anteriorly and superomedially

156
Q

External obliques contract unilaterally to perform _______ rotation of the column, whereas internal obliques contract unilaterally to perform _________ rotation

A

External obliques: contralateral rotation

Internal obliques: ipsilateral rotation

157
Q

Light stroking on the medial thigh can initiate the __________ reflex (raising of the testes)

A

Cremaster

158
Q

This abdominal muscle has a medial-lateral fibredirection and is deep to internal obliques.

A

Transverse abdominis

159
Q

the aponeurotic attachments of the external oblique, internal oblique and transversus abdominis form a sheath of connective tissue which encases the rectus
abdominis muscle called the _________ _________.

A

The rectus sheath

160
Q

The linea alba runs vertically from the ________ ________ to the __________ ______.

A

From the xiphoid process to the symphysis pubis

161
Q

The lateral border of the rectus abdominis and its sheath.

A

The linea semilunaris

162
Q

Quadratus Lumborum can contract bilaterally to fix the 12th rib during _______ _________.

A

Forced expiration

163
Q

The innermost intercostals are separated from the internal intercostals by the ___________ ______.

A

Neurovascular bundle

164
Q

What action do the external intercostals perform?

A

Quiet and forced inspiration (through elevation of the ribs)

165
Q

What action do the internal/innermost intercostals perform?

A

Forced expiration

166
Q

This muscle has 12 pairs, one for each rib it attaches to, and elevates the ribs for respiration.

A

Levator costarum

167
Q

This muscle anchors and depresses and draws the clavicle medially.

A

Subclavius

168
Q

A dome-shaped muscle that divides the thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity.

A

The diaphragm

169
Q

The top of the dome of the diaphragm sits at approximately the __th intercostal space (during
expiration) and the __th intercostal space (during inspiration).

A

4th intercostal space (during expiration)

6th intercostal space (during inspiration)

170
Q

The muscular fibres of the diaphragm converge radially into a strong aponeurotic tendon called the ______ ________. It has a C-shaped appearance with a central, left and right ‘leaflet’.

A

Central tendon

171
Q

The diaphragm is enervated by the ________ _____ (C__-__)

A 
Phrenic nerve (C3-5)
"C3, 4, and 5 keep the diaphragm alive!"
172
Q

As the diaphragm it flattens, it increases the vertical dimension of the thoracic cavity (increased thoracic _________)

A

Volume

173
Q

Inspiration is assisted by the contraction of the _________.

A

Intercostals

174
Q

During inspiration, the ribs are raised and moved laterally which increases the _________ dimension of the thorax (increased thoracic volume).

A

Transverse

175
Q

As the ribs are raised, the anterior parts of the ribs and the sternum move anteriorly which increases the anterior-posterior dimension of the thorax (increased thoracic volume) – this is called the ____-______ __________.

A

Pump-handle movement

176
Q

Increases in the vertical, transverse, and AP dimensions create a __________ pressure in the lungs which results in air being drawn in

A

Negative

177
Q

Inspiration __________ the vertical dimension of the abdomen and __________ the pressure, which is important for normal blood and lymphatic circulation.

A

Decreases the vertical dimension and increases the pressure

178
Q

During _______ ________, the diaphragm remains relatively relaxed and accessory muscles of respiration lift the chest up and out. This is an inefficient means of respiration.

A

Apical Breathing

179
Q

The region below the pelvic cavity.

A

The Perineum

180
Q

What are the actions of the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Supports the pelvic viscera

Helps maintain control of bodily functions

181
Q

The part of the skull that contains the brain (often used interchangeably with skull – consists of the frontal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid, temporal and
parietal bones.

A

The cranium

182
Q

The dome-like superior portion of the cranium.

A

Calvaria

183
Q

The line of union in an immoveable articulation.

A

Suture

184
Q

U-shaped bone that forms the skeleton of the lower jaw and the inferior part of the face.

A

Mandible

185
Q

Roughened area on the inner aspect of the angle of the

mandible.

A

Pterygoid tuberosity

186
Q

The ridge one the frontal bone where your eyebrows are.

A

Superciliary arch

187
Q

The _______ bone forms the roof of the eye sockets

A

Frontal

188
Q

The temporal bone houses structures related to ________ and __________.

A

Hearing and balance

189
Q

Within the temporal bone is the ________ _______ which houses the 3 ossicles (bones of the middle ear).

A

Tympanic cavity

190
Q

The 3 ossicles (bones of the middle ear) are called the ______, _____, and _______.

A

malleus, incus, stapes

191
Q

Wedge-shaped bone anterior to the temporal bones.

A

Sphenoid

192
Q

_____ _______ (Turkish saddle) - houses the pituitary gland.

A

Sella Turcica

193
Q

The skeleton of the face between the mouth and the eyes.

A

The Maxillae

194
Q

Exit of the infraorbital nerve. Which bone is it located?

A

Infraorbital foramen of the Maxillae

195
Q

Anatomical term for cheek bones.

A

The Zygomatic bones

196
Q

Separates the nasal cavity from the brain. Located at the roof of the nose between the orbits.

A

The Ethmoid bone

197
Q

Arched fold of dura mater which separates the right and left hemispheres of the brain and descends in the longitudinal fissure.

A

Falx cerebri

198
Q

A ridge of bone projecting superiorly from the Ethmoid - attachment for the falx cerebri

A

Crista galli

199
Q

Part of the Ethmoid which forms the posterior and superior part of the nasal septum.

A

Perpendicular plate

200
Q

Meeting point between the coronal and sagittal sutures.

A

Bregma

201
Q

Joint between temporal and parietal bones.

A

Squamous suture

202
Q

Meeting point of the lambdoid and sagittal sutures

A

Lambda

203
Q

Connection between the sphenoid, temporal, frontal and parietal bones.

A

Pterion

204
Q

Aka eye socket— cone-shaped cavity made of many bones.

A

The Orbit

205
Q 
Define the borders of the orbit:
posterior wall - \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
floor - \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
roof - \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
lateral wall - \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
medial wall - \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A 
posterior wall - sphenoid
floor - maxillae
roof - frontal
lateral wall - zygomatic
medial wall - ethmoid
206
Q

Which of the sinuses are the largest?

A

Maxillary

207
Q

the air travelling through the sinuses is either warmed or cooled to within 1 degree of _____ ___________.

A

Body temperature

208
Q

There are short, thick hairs called __________ which help to move particulate matter.

A

Vibrassae

209
Q

In the TMJ, the head/condyle of the mandible articulates with the _________ ______ and articular tubercle of the temporal bone

A

Mandibular fossa

210
Q

What type of joint is the TMJ?

A

Synovial, modified hinge

211
Q

Attached to the TMJ articular disc posteriorly is the ________ ____, which helps maintain the
proper positioning of the disc.

A

Retrodiscal pad

212
Q

The TMJ capsule thickens laterally to form the ________ ______________ ligament

A

Lateral temporomandibular ligament

213
Q

Which muscle does elevation of the mandible

and retraction of the mandible (more horizontal/posterior fibres)?

A

Temporalis

214
Q

Which muscle does both retraction and protraction of the mandible?

A

Masseter

215
Q

Which muscle performs translational (anterior/posterior) control of the articular disc of the mandible?

A

Lateral pterygoid

216
Q

Beginning to midrange of mandibular depression is primarily _______ ________ rotation of the head of the mandible in the mandibular fossa.

A

Anterior sagittal

217
Q

Midrange to end range of mandibular depression is primarily anterior translation of the head of the mandible from the fossa onto the ________ ________.

A

Articular tubercle

218
Q

During depression, as the translation of the mandible occurs, the articular disc is pulled anteriorly by the superior head of the ________ _________ to maintain joint surface congruency.

A

Lateral pterygoid

219
Q

As the mouth closes, the disc is pulled back into position by elastic fibres that attach to the back of the disc – the movement is controlled (eccentrically) by the __________ head of the lateral pterygoid

A

Superior head

220
Q

What is the close-packed position of the TMJ?

A

Maximal occlusion

221
Q

What is the resting position of the TMJ?

A

Teeth 2-5mm apart with the tip of the tongue resting behind the front teeth on the roof of the mouth

222
Q 
Name all the examples for muscles of facial expression:
Occipitofrontalis = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Orbicularis oculi = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
supercilii = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Levator labii superioris = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Levator labii superioris aleque nasi = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Zygomaticus minor = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Zygomaticus major = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Orbicularis oris = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Mentalis = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Depressor labii inferioris = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Depressor anguli oris = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Platysma = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

Occipitofrontalis = Surprise
Orbicularis oculi = Squinting & winking Corrugator supercilii = Frowning
Levator labii superioris = Snarling
Levator labii superioris aleque nasi = Stank face Zygomaticus minor = Elvis
Zygomaticus major = Smiling
Orbicularis oris = Kissing & whistling
Mentalis = Pouting
Depressor labii inferioris = Yikes
Depressor anguli oris = Sad
Platysma = Creature from the black lagoon

T2 Anatomy (1 decks)

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