Anatomy Midterm Flashcards
List and define the three parts of the nervous system
Central- brain,spinal cord, involuntary 5 senses
Peripheral- system of nerves that connects the peripheral parts to the CNS
Autonomic-involuntary. breathing and heart beating. 
what are nerves?
whitish cords made up of bundles of nerve fibers held together by connective tissue 
The two types of nerves 
sensory carries impulses from sense organs to brain, motor carries impulses from brain to muscle or glands 
what are receptors 
Sensory nerve endings
List and defined the nerves of the arm 
Digital- supplies the fingers
Radial- supplies, the thumb side of the arm and back of hand
Ulnar- affects the little finger side of the arm and palm of the hand 
Median- supplies, the arm and hand
how many pairs of cranial nerves arise from the base of the brain and the brain system? 
12
The study of the structure and composition of tissue 
histology
The dense, active Proto plasm found in the center of a cell 
nucleus 
takes in nutrients, breaks them down and creates energy for the cells. It works to keep the cell full of energy. 
mitochondria
The part of the cell that encloses the Protoplasm and permitted soluble substances to enter and leave 
cell membrane
muscles are connected to bones by
tendons 
bones are connected to each other by 
 ligaments
The two types of joints 
movable and immovable 
The human head contains 22 bones divided into two groups. What are these groups called? 
cranium and facial bones 
what are capillaries 
tiny, thin walled blood vessels connect to smaller arteries to venules 
three facts about blood 
8 to 10 pints in the human body, salty and sticky, normally 98.6°F. 
what are the five functions of the blood? 
carries water, oxygen nutrients and minerals. carries a Way carbon dioxide. helps to equalize the bodies temperature. Aids in protecting the body from harmful bacteria infections. Closes injured blood vessels by blood clot. 
what is the difference between white and red blood cells? 
White blood cells destroy disease, causing microorganisms, red blood cells carry oxygen to the body cells 
what is the difference between platelets and plasma
platelets contribute blood clotting process. Plasma is the fluid part of blood that acts as a delivery system.
List the endocrine glands and their functions 
- pineal is sexual development, sleep and metabolism.
- pituitary effects almost every physiological process of the body.
3.Thyoid secretes, hormones that regulate the bodies, metabolism, heart & digestive function, brain, development, and maintenance of bone mass. - parathyroid regulates blood calcium and phosphorus levels 
what is the digestive system? 
it breaks down food 
what is the reproductive system? 
produces children 
what is the lymphatic system? 
protects the body from disease by developing resistances 
what is the integumentary system? 
largest organ of the body. first line of defense against infection and water loss 
What is the muscular
Covers shapes and supports the skeletal tissue
what is the skeletal system
Forms of physical foundation of the body
what is the circulatory system?
Delivery of the blood through the body 
what is the endocrine system?
Affects growth, development, sexual activities, and normal regulatory processes of the body 
What is the excretory system?
Elimination of waste matter
what is the nervous system?
Carries messages through the central nervous system 
effects the external ear, and the skin above the temple, up to the top of the skull 
Auriculotemporal nerve 
skin of the lower eyelid, side of nose, upper lip and mouth 
infraorbital nerve
affects the muscles of the upper part of the cheek 
zygomatic nerve 
affects the SKIN of the lower lip and chin
mental nerve 
affects the point and lower side of the nose
nasal nerve

affects the MUSCLES of the chin and lower lip 
mandibular nerve 
affects the membrane and the skin of the nose
infrarochlear nerves
affects the skin between the eyes in the upper side of the nose
Supertrochlear nerve
Affects the upper part of the face
maxillary nerve 
affects the forehead, upper eyelids and anterior portion of the scalp orbit, eyeball and nasal passage 
ophthalmic nerve 
affects the muscles of the temple in the side of the forehead
Temporal nerve
Affects the muscles behind the ear at the base of the skull
posterior auricular nerve
affects the muscles of the mouth 
buccal nerve 
Affects the sides of the neck and Pettise, my muscle
Cervical nerve
Located at the side of the neck, affects the face ears, neck, and parotid gland
greater auricular nerve 
located at the base of the skull, affects the scalp and muscle behind the ear
Smaller, occipital nerve 
located in the back of the neck, affects the scalp as far as up to the top of the head
Greater occipital nerve
Located the side of the neck, affects the front and sides of the neck down to the breastbone
cervical cutaneous nerve 
thick walled muscular tubes that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the arterioles
Arteries
The main source of blood supply to the head, face and neck
Common carotid arteries 
small vessels that connect capillaries to veins
Venules 
largest artery in the body
Aorta 
small arteries that deliver blood to the capillaries
Arterioles
contains cup like valves that keep blood flowing in one direction to the heart to prevent the blood from flowing backwards
Veins
fights infections, and detoxifies the blood
Lymph nodes
liquid that circulates throughout the body, that disperses white blood cells and sell nutrients
Lymph
Specialized organs that produce chemicals necessary for various body systems function
Glands
major role in sexual development, sleep and metabolism
pineal gland
affects every process in the body
pituitary gland
function and sexual
Ovaries and testes 
located in the neck, regulates the body’s metabolism
Thyroid
regulates blood, calcium and phosphorus
Parathyroid
Also call ductless glands releases hormones directly to the blood system
Endocrine glands
responsible for digesting, carbohydrates, proteins, and
Pancreas
creates enzymes necessary for digestion 
liver 
muscular wall that separates the thorax from the abdominal region and helps control breathing
Diaphragm 
aids in regulating the metabolism, stress, response, and blood pressure
Adrenal gland
Microscopic cells, which areas exchange for carbon dioxide during a breath
lungs
forms the side of the eyesocket 
Sphenoid
Forms of sides of the head in the air region
Temporal
The forehead
Frontal
Forms of sides, and the top of the
parietal 
spongy bone between the eye sockets, that forms the nasal cavities
 ethmoid 
forms the back of the skull above nape
Occipital
flat, thin forms, that part of the nasal septum 
vomer
Lower jaw strongest on the face
Mandible
Hard pallet of the mouth
palatine
The upper jaw
maxillae
thin spongy bone on the outer walls of the nasal depression
turbinal
forms the bridge of the nose
Nasal
wrist
carpus
palm
metacarpus
smaller bone on the forearm on the same side as the thumb
Radius 
The inner and larger bone of the forearm on the side with the little finger
ulna
upper most and largest bone of the arm
Humorous
muscles on the side of the head
Temporalis 
back of the epicranius
draws the scalp back
Occipitalis
raises the eyebrows bring scalp forward
Frontalis
covers the entire skull includes occipitalis, and the frontalis 
epicranius/ occupitalfrontalis
under the frontalis and orbiculsris oculi, draws eyebrows down and wrinkles the forehead vertically
corrugator
elevates the lower lip 
Mentalis 
Controls the eyelid
levator papaebrae superioris
flat band around the upper and lower lip
Orbicularis oris
draws back the corners of the mouth 
levator anguli oris
draws the corners of the mouth out and back 
risoruis
alongside the train pulls down the corners of the mouth
Triangularis
lifting the wings of the nose and upper lip, showing this taste Elvis lip
Orbicularis oculi
Where is the eyebrows and causes wrinkles across the bridge of the nose?
procerus
