Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > anatomy midterm > Flashcards

anatomy midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Which system provides the force to move bones about their joints?

A

Skeletal System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which system controls the body with chemical molecules called hormones?

A

Endocrine System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which medical imaging technique would be most useful for revealing a tumor int the brain?

A

CT scan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which of the following lists the levels of human structure from smallest to largest?

A

Atom - Molecule - Macromolecule - Organelle - Cell - Tissue - Organ - Organ System - Organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which organ system has the principal functions of protection, water retention, thermoregulation, vitamin D synthesis, cutaneous sensation, and nonverbal communication?

A

Integumentary System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which type of MRI would you order to observe both lungs, the heart and abdomen?

A

Frontal/ coronal MRI.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Know the relationships using medical terms (medial vs lateral, proximal vs distal,superficial vs deep)

A

medial- toward midline of body
lateral- away from midline of body

proximal-closer to point of attachment/origin
distal- farther from point of attachment/origin

superficial- closer to the body surface
deep- farther from the body surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

While looking at a chart, the nursing student notices that there has been a small tumor found in the pleural cavity, located ventrally, and in the thoracic region. Which organ could possibly have the tumor?

A

Lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The __________ plane passes through the midine of the body and divides it into equal right and left halves

A

Median (midsagittal) plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which plane would allow for the observation of lungs, the heart, and the abdominal organs?

A

Frontal Plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which plane would allow for the observation of cross section of the lungs, the heart, and the abdominal organs?

A

Transverse Plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?

A

S-Phase (Interphase)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Robert, a surfer, has a mole that has changed its shape and size. His doctor, applying the ABCD(E) rule, diagnosed a melanoma. What do the letters ABCD(E) represent?

A

A- Assymetry
B- Border
C-Color
D-Diameter
E-Evolving / Evolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

John, a younger teenager, notices that he is experiencing a lot of pimples and blackheads, which frequently become infected. What is causing this problem?

A

Hormonal changes is causing John sebaceous glands, which can clog and become infected or inflamed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Water loss through the epidermis could cause a serious threat to health and well-being. Which of the following protects us against excessive water loss through the skin?

A

Lamellated granules of the cells of the stratum granulosum, a glycolipid that is secreted into extracellular spaces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Burns are devastating and debilitating because of loss of fluids and electrolytes from the body. How do physicians estimate the extent of burn damage associated with such dangerous fluid loss?

A
  • Rule of nines
  • burns are classified according to the depth of tissue involvement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A patient has skin that is slightly blue in color. A likely treatment for this person might be _____________

A
  • Oxygen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Select the bone disorder in which bone resorption outpaces bone deposit, leaving the person with thin and often very fragile bones?

A
  • Osteoporosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The pubic symphysis connects the two hip bones anteriorly and provides a little movement during childbirth. Choose the most appropriate tissue for this structure that is subjected to both pressure and stretch

A
  • fibrocartilage called interpubic disc
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which of the following is the abnormal curve often seen in pregnant women as they attempt to preserve their center of gravity toward the end of the pregnancy?

A
  • Hyperlordosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which of the following is the abnormal curve often seen in pregnant women as they attempt to preserve their center of gravity toward the end of the pregnancy?

A
  • Hyperlordosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A skeleton was found in a wooded area. It was brought to a forensic medicine laboratory for identification. The first thing the coroner did was determine the age, sex, and possible size of the person. What was examined in order to get this information?

A

The ilium, ischium, and pubic bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Baseball pitchers often require “Tommy John” surgery to repair damage to their elbow. Which ligament would this surgery target?

A
  • Ulnar Collateral Ligament
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Performing “jumping jacks” requires _________.

A
  • abduction & adduction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

An individual with a “double-jointed” thumb can pull it back towards the wrist much farther

A
  • hyperflexia
  • have stretcher, looser joint capsules and ligaments
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

When administering chest compression to someone whose heart has stopped beating, the heel of the hand should be placed on the sternum on a line drawn between the nipples. Why would it be a problem if the hand was placed at a lower part of the sternum?

A
  • improperly performed chest compression can drive the xiphoid process into the liver and cause a fatal hemorrhage.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Compared to the shoulder, displacements of the hip joints are _____________.

A
  • rare because of the ligament reinforcement.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Football players often sustain lateral blows to the extended knee. Which of the ligaments is (are) damaged as a result?

A
  • Medial collateral, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the functional unit of a skeletal muscle called?

A

sacromere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

When a geriatric patient is admitted to the postsurgical unit following a knee replacement, an important nursing measure is to prevent the loss of muscle mass, which can average 5% per day. All of the following can prevent muscle loss and contractures. (EXCEPT)?

A

disuse atrophy occuring
-maintaining exercise will prevent muscle loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

A wide receiver for a college football team pulled a hamstring muscle. All of the following muscles could be affected (EXCEPT)?

A

Biceps femoris, semitendinosus and semimembranosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

An elderly woman, with extensive osteoarthritis of her left hip joint, entered the hospital to have a total hip joint replacement (prosthesis implantation). After surgery, her left hip had to be maintained in abduction to prevent dislocation of the prosthesis while healing was occurring. An abduction pillow was used to keep the legs apart, especially when lying on her side. All of the following are abduction muscle, (EXCEPT)?

A
  • gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus.
  • these muscles originate on the pelvis, they act as a major extensors of the thigh and abduct and rotate the thigh as well
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

A woman mentions to her friend that she sees a great looking guy on the beach that has “great abs” all of the following are “ABS” (EXCEPT)?

A
  • Transversus abdominis, Rectus Abdominis, External/Internal Obliques
34
Q

Site of protein synthesis, membranous labyrinth to transport molecules

A
  • Rough ER
35
Q

Powerhouse of the cell

A
  • Mitochondria
36
Q

Site of ribosome synthesis

A
  • Nucleolus
37
Q

Brain of the cell

A

-Nucleus

38
Q

Carb Synthesis, “UPS” of cell; packages, refines, and distributes proteins

A

-Golgi Apparatus

39
Q

Which of the following tissues do not have nucleus

A

blood

40
Q

What is division of the nucleus called?

A
  • Mitosis
41
Q

Pseduostratified Ciliated Columnar

A
  • found in the respiratory tract from nasal cavity to bronchi; portions of male urethra
42
Q

Transitional Epithelium

A
  • found in the urinary bladder.
43
Q

Simple Cuboidal

A
  • kidney tubules, bronchioles, liver, thyroid, mammary, salivary, and other glands
44
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs, menisci, in knee joint

45
Q

Elastic Cartilage

A

external ear, epiglottis, larynx

46
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A
  • end of movable joints, around trachea and bronchi, around the larynx, end of a rib to the breastbone, form much of a fetal skeleton
47
Q

Which muscle in the wrist has “evolved” from the days that we climbed on trees to the point that some newer generation humans no longer are born with?

A
  • Palmaris Longus
48
Q

A patient comes to the clinic with 2nd degree burns to the ENTIRE right extremity and Entire left lower extremity, what percentage of her body is burned?

A
  • 27%
49
Q

After taking their wedding vow, a bride and groom often ceremionally use which of the following muscles before walking away from the altar?

A
  • Orbicularis Oris
50
Q

Which of the following is the deepest muscle of the abdominal wall?

A
  • Transverse Abdominis
51
Q

Which muscle is divided by tendinous insertions into segments externally visible on a well-muscled person?

A
  • Rectus Abdominis
52
Q

Why do men experience inguinal hernias more often than women?

A

Men have a weaker inguinal canal due to the descent of the testes.

53
Q

In a whiplash injury, the neck undergoes forced hyperextension then hyperflexion, injuring multiple muscles in the neck. Which of the following muscles would be injured during the hyperextension phase of the injury?

A
  • sternocleidomastoid
54
Q

After kicking a ball at a soccer match, Leticia feels excruciating pain at the back of her thigh. She has likely suffered an injury to which of the following?

A

Hamstrings

55
Q

Which of the following is not a muscle of the lower extremity?

A

flexor carpi ulnaris

56
Q

What is the longest muscle in the human body?

A
  • Sartorius
57
Q

A person experiences muscular weakness on the palm and lateral side of the hand and pain that shoots up the arm. What are these symptoms most likely caused by?

A
  • carpal tunnel syndrome
58
Q

Why is it sometimes advantageous to inject drugs IM rather than subQ or IV

A
  • meds are absorbed into the bloodstream gradually, it is safe to administer relatively large doses that could be dangerous or even fatal if injected directly into the bloodstream
  • IM injections also cause less tissue irritation than subQ injections
59
Q

Of all the muscles that you have studied in Anatomy, which one is the most important to strengthen in order to reduce low back pain, knee pain and hip pain?

A

gluteus maximus

60
Q

When a nurse draws a blood, it is not uncommon for the needle to penetrate which muscle near the cubital region?

A
  • Pronator Teres
61
Q

According to Amanda Eugenio, Carpal tunnel pressure is sometimes relieved by surgically excising part or all of which structure?

A
  • Flexor Retinaculum
62
Q

Tennis elbow is a common term describing injury to the origin of which of the following?

A
  • Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
63
Q

A clinician induces contraction of the gastrocnemius and soleus and notices that the foot does not plantar flex as expected. Which of the following would a logical diagnosis?

A
  • Ruptured calcaneal tendon
64
Q

An Olympic sprinter readies for a race. After the sound of the starting gun, he propels himself forward from the starting block and immediately grimaces in pain, grabbing for the back of his thigh. Within 48 hours he begins noticing extensive bruising on the back of his thigh extending into the back of the knee. He now has difficulty rising from a seated position and flexing his knee. Bending at the waist generates more pain. Which muscle is likely injured?

A
  • Biceps Femoris
65
Q

After childbirth, a woman begins experiencing tremendous pain in her groin, making it difficult for her to walk. An X-ray shows a fracture extending from her symphysis pubis to the inferior ramus of the pubis. As a result of the fracture, which group of muscles might be impaired?

A
  • Thigh Adductors
66
Q

Which of the following is under voluntary control?

A

skeletal muscles

67
Q

In a relaxed muscle fiber, what blocks the active sites on actin?

A
  • Tropomyosin
68
Q

If a person is injected with a toxin that blocks acetylcholine receptors, which of the following will occur?

A
  • Spastic paralysis (tetanus- lockjaw), Flaccid paralysis
  • Cholinergic crisis
69
Q

Where in sarcomere do actin and myosin overlap?

A
  • At the A band
70
Q

Which of the following is considered to be the “functional unit” of skeletal muscle fibers?

A
  • Sarcomere
71
Q

What is the role of calcium in muscle contraction?

A
  • The muscle contraction cycle is triggered by calcium ions binding to the protein complex troponin, exposing the active-binding sites on the actin.
72
Q

Why does botox diminish frown lines?

A
  • The flaccid paralysis sets in over the next few hours. Effect lasts about 4mos until the muscles retighten and the wrinkles returns.
73
Q

Drugs called calcium channel blockers may be used to lower blood pressure by causing arteries to vasodilate. How do you suppose these drugs work?

A
  • it relaxes the vascular smooth muscle
  • decrease contractility, decrease conductivity of the heart, decrease demand for oxygen
74
Q

Your grandfather complains of pain and says he hears crunching sounds in his hip when he rises from sitting. Because you are studying anatomy he asks you what is wrong. What do you suggest he talk to his doctor about?

A
  • Osteoarthritis
    “broken hip” usually fracture of the femoral neck
75
Q

The fibrocartilage pad between the medial condyle of the femur and the medial condyle of the tibia is called the __________.

A
  • Medial meniscus
76
Q

A fractured may be evidence of death by strangulation

A

hyoid bone

77
Q

What is an abnormal lateral curve of the spine called?

A

scoliosis

78
Q

The glenoid cavity is a point of articulation between which two bones?

A

scapula and humerus

79
Q

A “broken hip” usually refers to a fracture of what?

A

femoral neck

80
Q

What is the most abundant type of connective tissue that is found in the body?

A

collagen

Anatomy (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions